As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 19, 2021.

Registration No. 333-257646

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO

FORM F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

SOPHiA GENETICS SA

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Rue du Centre 172

CH-1025 Saint-Sulpice

Switzerland

+41 21 694 10 60

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

SOPHiA GENETICS, Inc.

185 Dartmouth Street, Suite 502

Boston, MA 02116

(617) 982-1210

(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)

Copies to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. Emerging growth company  ☒

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to completion, dated July 19, 2021

Preliminary prospectus

13,000,000 Shares

SOPHiA GENETICS SA

Ordinary Shares

This is an initial public offering of ordinary shares by SOPHiA GENETICS SA. We are offering 13,000,000 ordinary shares. The initial public offering price is expected to be between $17.00 and $19.00 per ordinary share.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our ordinary shares. We have applied to list our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “SOPH.”

Instrumentarium Holdings, Inc., an affiliate of GE Precision Healthcare LLC (“GE Healthcare”), has agreed to purchase $20.0 million of our ordinary shares in a private placement concurrent with and contingent upon the completion of this offering, with the price per share to be equal to the initial public offering price in this offering. The sale of such ordinary shares will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The closing of this offering is not contingent upon the closing of such concurrent private placement. We will not pay any underwriting discounts or commissions for the ordinary shares sold in the concurrent private placement. See “Prospectus Summary—Recent Developments—Private Placement.”

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, may elect to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements for this and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company.”

We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days to purchase up to an additional 1,950,000 ordinary shares.

Investing in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 17 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the ordinary shares to purchasers on or about             , 2021.

            , 2021

Table of contents

We are organized under the laws of Switzerland and our registered office and domicile is located in Saint-Sulpice, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Moreover, a number of our directors and executive officers are not residents of the United States and all or a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or upon such persons or to enforce against them judgments obtained in U.S. courts, including judgments in actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. We have been advised by our Swiss counsel that there is doubt as to the enforceability in Switzerland of original actions, or in actions for enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts, of civil liabilities to the extent solely predicated upon the federal and state securities laws of the United States. See “Enforcement of Judgments” for additional information.

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Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to “SOPHiA GENETICS,” “SOPH,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” or similar terms refer to SOPHiA GENETICS SA and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We own various trademark registrations and applications, and unregistered trademarks, including for “SOPHiA GENETICS,” “SOPHiA DDM,” “Alamut,” “SOPHiA Trial Match,” “SOPHiA Insights,” “SOPHiA CDx,” “SOPHiA Awareness” and our corporate logo. All other trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this prospectus may be referred to without the^® and^™ symbols, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. We do not intend to use or display other companies’ trademarks and trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

Our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”). None of the consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The terms “dollar,” “USD” and “$” refer to U.S. dollars and the terms “Swiss franc” and “CHF” refer to the legal currency of Switzerland, unless otherwise indicated. We have made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this prospectus. Accordingly, any numerical discrepancies in any table between totals and sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

The financial information should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements.

Our fiscal year ends on December 31. References in this prospectus to a fiscal year relate to our fiscal year ended on December 31 of that calendar year.

We and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than as contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we may have referred you. We and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you.

Neither we nor the underwriters are making an offer to sell the ordinary shares in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. This offering is being made in the United States and elsewhere solely on the basis of the information contained in this prospectus. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the ordinary shares. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since the date on the front cover of this prospectus.

For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or the possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for those purposes is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, this offering of ordinary shares and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

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We are incorporated as a Swiss stock corporation (société anonyme) under the laws of Switzerland and a majority of our outstanding securities are owned by non-U.S. residents. Under the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), we are currently eligible for treatment as a “foreign private issuer.” As a foreign private issuer, we will not be required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as domestic registrants whose securities are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

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Risk factors

Investing in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our ordinary shares. If any of the events or developments described below were to occur, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could suffer materially, the trading price of our ordinary shares could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks occur, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to the Development of Our SOPHiA Platform and Related Solutions, Products and Services

We may not be successful in expanding features, applications and data modalities of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services.

As of June 30, 2021, our SOPHiA platform offered approximately 330 genomics applications across oncology, rare diseases, infectious diseases, cardiology, neurology, metabolism and other disease areas. A major part of our long-term strategy is bringing new high-impact content to our customers through updates to our platform, which may include expanding our platform with additional features, applications and data modalities and related solutions, products and services. We expect to make significant investments to advance these efforts.

Enhancing our platform and developing new related solutions, products and services is a speculative and risky endeavor. Features, applications, data modalities and services that initially show promise may fail to achieve the desired results or may not achieve acceptable levels of analytical accuracy or utility. We may need to alter our platform, products or services in development and repeat studies before we identify a potentially successful feature, application, data modality, product or service. Platform, service and product development is expensive, may take years to complete and can have uncertain outcomes. Failure can occur at any stage of the development. Even if we confirm that our platform can be successfully employed for additional features, applications and data modalities, those features, applications and data modalities may be limited in scope to only some diseases, disease segments, patient markets or geographies. If, after development, a new feature, application, data modality, service or product appears successful, we or our collaborators may, depending on the nature of the feature, application, data modality, service or product, need to obtain FDA’s, European Medicines Agency’s (the “EMA”) and other regulatory clearances, authorizations or approvals before we can market the feature, application, data modality, service or product. The FDA’s and EMA’s clearance, authorization or approval pathways are likely to require significant time and expenditures. The FDA, EMA or other applicable regulatory authority may not clear, authorize or approve any feature, application, data modality, service or product we develop. Even if we develop a feature, application, data modality, service or product that receives regulatory clearance, authorization or approval, we or our collaborators would need to commit substantial resources to commercialize, sell and market the feature, application, data modality, service or product and the feature, application, data modality, service or product may never achieve significant market acceptance among various stakeholders and be commercially successful. Furthermore, we purposefully built our SOPHiA platform in a decentralized manner and strategically positioned it as a “universal operating-system” for multiomics and multimodal data analytics in order to provide for a broad range of product and service expansion opportunities. However, certain jurisdictions, such as the Netherlands, implemented centralized services architectures for EHR where all patient data passes through a single, often government-run, entity rather than being shared directly between the healthcare providers. Such centralized

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systems, if widely implemented, may limit the development of our platform in a decentralized manner across different data modalities. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, revenue growth and results of operations.

In addition, we generally sell our platform, products and services in industries that are characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product introductions and changing industry standards. If we do not develop platform enhancements based on technological innovation on a timely basis, our platform may become obsolete over time and our financial and competitive position will suffer. Our success will depend on several factors, including our ability to:

The expenses or losses associated with unsuccessful platform expansion could adversely affect our business revenue growth and results of operations.

Strong platform, product and service performance, security and reliability are necessary to maintain and grow our business.

We need to maintain and continuously improve the performance, security and reliability of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services. Our platform and other products may contain errors or defects, and while we have made efforts to test them and are not aware of any widespread material errors, defects or other performance-related issues, there can be no assurance that our platform, products and services do not or will not have performance problems. As we continue to launch more platform features, applications, data modalities and products and services, these risks may increase. Poor performance, security and reliability could adversely impact our customers and lead to customer dissatisfaction, adversely affect our reputation and revenues and increase our service, product care, and distribution costs and working capital requirements.

We may experience challenges with the acquisition, development, enhancement or deployment of technology necessary for our data analytics platform technologies.

Our business requires sophisticated computer systems and software in order to accurately and efficiently capture, service and process increasing volumes of health data, in particular a growing number of genomic profiles generated by our customers through various NGS test kits, sequencers and sample materials from different manufacturers. Some of the technologies are changing rapidly and we must continue to adapt to these changes in a timely and effective manner at an acceptable cost. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop, acquire, enhance, deploy or integrate new technologies, including technologies needed to integrate new genomics test kits into our data analytics platform, that these new technologies will be effective and efficient, will meet our needs or achieve our expected goals or that we will be able to do so as quickly or cost-effectively as our competitors. Significant technological change could render our data analytics platform and technologies obsolete and incompatible with new or improved genomics test kits. In addition, we may face challenges in expanding into markets without suitable cloud infrastructure compatible with our SOPHiA platform. Our continued success will depend on our ability to adapt to changing technologies, manage and

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process ever-increasing amounts of data and information and improve the performance features of our data analytics platform technologies in response to an ever-changing patient population. We may experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful design, development, testing and introduction of new versions of our data analytics platform technologies, limiting our ability to identify new products and services. Any of these challenges could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Any failure to offer high-quality support for our products and services may adversely affect our relationships with customers and collaborators and negatively impact our reputation and our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In implementing and using our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, our customers and collaborators depend on our support to resolve issues in a timely manner. We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in demand for customer support. Increased customer demand for support could increase costs and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we need highly trained technical support personnel. Hiring technical support personnel is very competitive in our industry due to the limited number of people available with the necessary scientific and technical backgrounds and ability to understand our technology at a technical level. Our sales are highly dependent on our reputation and on positive recommendations from our customers, users, care collaborators, providers, hospitals and clinics. If we do not maintain high-quality customer support, or if the market perceives that we do not maintain high-quality customer support, our reputation and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Delays in the commencement and successful completion of multimodal clinical studies, and negative or ambiguous data generated from such studies, could increase costs and delay or prevent regulatory approval of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions and products.

To further improve our SOPHiA platform and develop new predictive algorithmic models that we can deploy on our platform, we are sponsoring, and in the future intend to sponsor, observational multimodal clinical studies in various disease areas. There can be no assurance that any multimodal clinical study that we sponsor will be conducted as planned or be completed on schedule, if at all. These clinical studies are subject to numerous risks, and a failure, delay or termination of one or more such studies can occur at any stage of the process. Events that may prevent successful or timely commencement and completion of multimodal clinical studies include:

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The commencement and successful and timely completion of a multimodal clinical study will require us to enroll a sufficient number of eligible patients to participate in such study. Any delay or difficulty in patient enrollment could significantly delay or otherwise hinder our research and development efforts, regulatory submissions and approvals and commercialization efforts. Patient enrollment is affected by many factors, including the size and nature of the patient population; the severity of the disease under investigation; the eligibility criteria for the study in question, including any misjudgment of, and resultant adjustment to, the appropriate ranges applicable to the exclusion and inclusion criteria; the number of participating sites and the proximity of prospective patients to those sites; the commitment of participating sites to identify eligible patients; competing studies with similar eligibility criteria; and disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The risks related to patient enrollment may be heightened for any multimodal clinical study that seeks to enroll patients with characteristics that are found in a small population. In addition, patients may also be unwilling to participate in our studies because of data security and privacy concerns.

Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any multimodal clinical study will produce the data necessary to support further development of our platform in a particular disease area or to support any regulatory submission. Even if a study is completed, the data generated may be negative, ambiguous or otherwise insufficient. To obtain sufficient data, we may be required to sponsor studies beyond those we plan to sponsor, which would increase our costs and delay regulatory submissions and commercialization activities.

If we do not have the support of key opinion leaders or clinical data using our products is not published in peer-reviewed journals, it may be difficult to drive adoption of our products.

We have established relationships with leading thought leaders. If these key opinion leaders determine that our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services are not accurate or that alternative technologies, products and services are more accurate or more cost-effective, or if we fail to establish new relationships with key opinion leaders in different markets, geographies and among various stakeholders, we may see lower demand for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, which would limit our revenue growth and our ability to achieve profitability.

The publication of clinical data using our products in peer-reviewed journals is also crucial to our success. For instance, as of June 30, 2021, our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services have been utilized in clinical trials and research projects discussed in more than 250 peer-reviewed publications. We are unable to control when, if ever, results of current or future trials and projects are published, which may delay or limit adoption of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services. Such peer-reviewed publications may be limited by many factors, including delays in the completion of, poor design of, or lack of compelling data from, clinical studies, as well as delays in the review, acceptance and publication process. If our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services do not receive sufficient favorable exposure in peer-reviewed publications, the rate of adoption of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services among medical personnel and positive reimbursement coverage determinations for them could be adversely affected.

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Risks Related to Commercialization

If we are unable to expand our sales and marketing capabilities, including through additional strategic relationships, in a cost-effective manner, we may not be able to grow our revenue.

Our future sales will depend in large part on our ability to develop, train, retain and substantially expand, our sales force, to increase the scope of our marketing efforts, including into markets and geographies where our presence is currently limited, and to maintain our current strategic relationships and enter into new strategic relationships. Our current target market of hospitals, reference and specialty laboratories, and biopharmaceutical companies is a large and diverse market. As a result, we believe it is necessary to continue to develop a sales force that includes sales representatives with specific technical backgrounds and industry expertise. Competition for such personnel is intense. We may not be able to attract and retain personnel or be able to continue to build and maintain an efficient and effective sales and marketing force, which could adversely impact sales of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services and their market acceptance and limit our revenue growth and potential profitability.

We currently have multiple strategic relationships with third-party providers of solutions and services that can be bundled with our SOPHiA platform, including Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. (“IDT”), Twist Biosciences Corporation (“Twist”) and Agilent Technologies, Inc. (“Agilent”). See “Business—Collaboration Agreements.” We also offer our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services through various global and local distributors. See “—Risks Related to Our Relationships with Third Parties—Our operating results depend on the performance of third-party distributors” and “—Risks Related to Our Relationships with Third Parties—We intend to rely on third-party distributors to realize our expansion strategy.” In addition, we have a direct sales force to market and sell our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, including a dedicated BioPharma Business Development and Operations team, focusing on expanding our collaborations with biopharmaceutical companies, both advanced and early stage. Sales and marketing activities in the healthcare space are subject to various rules and regulations. In addition, our marketing messaging can be complex and nuanced, and there may be errors or misunderstandings in our sales force’s communication of such messaging. As we continue to grow our sales and marketing efforts, we face an increased need to continuously monitor and improve our policies, processes and procedures to maintain compliance with a growing number and variety of laws and regulations. To the extent that there is any violation, whether actual, perceived or alleged, of our policies or applicable laws and regulations, we could incur additional training and compliance costs, receive inquiries from third parties or be held liable or otherwise responsible for such acts of noncompliance. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, reputation and results of operations.

We intend to continue to expand and leverage our sales and marketing infrastructure. Identifying, recruiting and training qualified sales and marketing personnel requires significant time, expense and attention. It often takes several months or more before a sales representative is fully trained and productive, depending on the target market or geographies. Our sales force may subject us to higher fixed costs than that incurred by our competitors that utilize independent third parties, which could place us at a competitive disadvantage.

Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services will depend to a significant extent on our ability to expand our marketing efforts. We plan to dedicate significant resources to our marketing programs. However, marketing activities may not generate medical personnel awareness or increase revenue, and even if they do, any increase in revenue may not offset the costs and expenses we incur in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote, maintain and protect our brand, we may fail to attract or retain the market acceptance necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand building efforts, or to achieve the level of brand awareness that is critical for broad use of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services.

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The commercial success of our SOPHiA platform and current and future products and services depends on attaining significant market acceptance.

Our commercial success depends, in part, on market acceptance of our SOPHiA platform and our products and services. We cannot predict how quickly, if at all, our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services will attain significant market acceptance or, if accepted, how frequently they will be used. These constituents must believe that our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services offer benefits over other available alternatives. The degree of market acceptance of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services depends on a number of factors, including:

Additionally, even if our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services achieve widespread market acceptance, they may not maintain that market acceptance over time if more cost-effective or more favorably received platforms, products, services or technologies are introduced. Failure to achieve or maintain market acceptance and/or market share would limit our ability to generate revenue.

In addition, our customer base includes hospitals, reference and specialty laboratories, and biopharmaceutical companies. In the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, most of our revenue came from sales to our customers in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”). Our success will depend on our ability to increase our market penetration among these customers, including our ability to provide additional applications of

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our platform and additional products and services to our existing customers, and expand our customer base across various markets and geographies by developing and marketing new applications of our data analytics platform and new products and services. In particular, we intend to focus our efforts on geographic and biopharma expansion, for example by capitalizing on increasing NGS testing and expanding our offerings to biopharmaceutical companies with new and improved pre- and post-market solutions. As we continue to scale our business, we may find that certain applications of our SOPHiA platform, certain of our products and services, certain customers or certain markets may require a dedicated sales force or sales personnel with different experience than those we currently employ. For instance, we have a dedicated BioPharma Business Development and Operations team, focusing on expanding our collaborations with biopharmaceutical companies, both advanced and early stage. Identifying, recruiting and training additional qualified personnel would require significant time, expense and attention.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to further penetrate our existing markets, that our existing markets will be able to sustain our current and future product and services offerings and that we will be able to expand into new markets. Any failure to increase penetration in our existing markets or expand into new ones would adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.

The market opportunities for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services may be smaller than we estimate.

Our estimates of the addressable market for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services are derived from a variety of sources, including scientific literature, surveys of clinicians, medical personnel and healthcare professionals and other forms of market research. These estimates may be inaccurate or based on imprecise data. Further, these estimates are based on various assumptions, including the outcomes of clinical studies, and whether the clinical studies will achieve objectives needed to meet clinical and payor expectations, the number of people who have a particular disease or condition, our expansion into other features, applications and data modality opportunities and disease areas, maintenance and expansion of our clinical and multimodal data sets for patient populations in specific geographic regions, the prices at which we and our distributors provide or sell our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services in the market, the regulatory framework governing the development, sale and use of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, including the laws and regulations governing RUO and IVD products, the degree of coverage and reimbursement, the cost-containment efforts by payors, customers and collaborators as well as obtaining necessary clearance or regulatory approvals. Further, while we currently offer germline and somatic oncology testing across both solid and liquid tumors, our solid tumor offering is more nascent and, as a result, our ability to penetrate our total addressable market for oncology may depend on expansion of our solid tumor offering, among other factors. While we believe our assumptions and estimates are reasonable, these assumptions and estimates may prove to be incorrect and the conditions supporting our assumptions or estimates may change at any time, thereby reducing the predictive accuracy of these underlying factors. The future growth of the market for our current and future products and services depends on many factors beyond our control, including recognition and acceptance of our products by the scientific community and the growth, prevalence and costs of competing products and solutions. Such recognition and acceptance may not occur in the near term, or at all. If the addressable market for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services is smaller than our estimates, or if the prices at which we can sell our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services are lower than our estimates, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.

The insurance coverage and reimbursement status of newly developed products, such as data analytics platforms and related solutions, products and services, particularly in a new category of diagnostics and therapeutics, is uncertain. An inability to obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement could limit the commercial potential of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services.

The availability and extent of reimbursement by governmental and private payors is essential for most patients to be able to afford our current and future platforms, products and services, if approved for IVD use. In addition,

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because our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services represent new approaches to the research, diagnosis, detection and treatment of diseases, we cannot accurately estimate how they would be priced, whether reimbursement could be obtained or any potential revenue generated. Sales of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, if approved for IVD use, may depend substantially on the extent to which they are covered by health maintenance, managed care and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and other third-party payors. If reimbursement is not available, or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services. Even if coverage is provided, the available reimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish or maintain pricing sufficient to realize an adequate return on our research and development and sales and marketing costs.

Coverage and reimbursement are ever changing, and we are not in control of how our competitors’ coverage and pricing strategies are established. Some of our competitors have widespread brand recognition and substantially greater financial and technical resources and development, production and marketing capabilities than we do. Others may develop lower-priced, less complex tests that payors and healthcare professionals could view as functionally equivalent to our products, which could force us to lower the list price of our tests and impact our operating margins and our ability to achieve and maintain profitability. Payors may compare our products to our competitors and utilize them as precedents, which may impact our coverage and reimbursement. In addition, technological innovations that result in the creation of enhanced diagnostic tools that are more effective than ours may enable other clinical laboratories, hospitals, medical personnel or medical providers to provide specialized diagnostic tests similar to ours in a more patient-friendly, efficient or cost-effective manner than is currently possible.

In the United States, many significant decisions about reimbursement for new diagnostics and medicines are made by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”), which decides whether and to what extent a new diagnostic or medicine will be covered and reimbursed under Medicare, although it frequently delegates this authority to local Medicare Administrative Contractors (“MACs”). Private payors tend to follow Medicare to a substantial degree. It is difficult to predict what CMS will decide with respect to reimbursement for novel platforms, products and services such as ours. Outside the United States, the reimbursement process and timelines vary significantly. Certain countries, including a number of member states of the EU, set prices and make reimbursement decisions for diagnostics and pharmaceutical products, or medicinal products, as they are commonly referred to in the EU, with limited participation from the marketing authorization or CE mark holders, or may take decisions that are unfavorable to the authorization or CE mark holder where they have participated in the process. There can be no assurance that we can achieve acceptable prices and reimbursement decisions.

Cost-containment efforts of our customers and third-party payors could have a material adverse effect on our sales and profitability.

Increasing efforts by governmental and third-party payors to cap or reduce healthcare costs may cause such organizations to limit both coverage and level of reimbursement for newly cleared, authorized or approved devices and medicines and, as a result, they may not cover or provide adequate payment for our platform and related solutions, products and services. In addition, such organizations may decide to divert or reallocate their available funding to other services, products or uses, for instance to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such efforts include legislation and regulations designed to control pharmaceutical and biological pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures, which are, in some cases, designed to encourage importation from other countries and bulk purchasing. Additionally, some countries require approval of the sale price of a product before it can be marketed or mandatory discounts or profit caps may be applied.

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In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions there have been, and continue to be, several legislative and regulatory changes and proposed reforms of the healthcare system to contain costs, improve quality, and expand access to care. There have been executive and judicial challenges to certain aspects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (the “ACA”), as well as efforts to repeal, replace or alter the implementation of certain aspects of the ACA. For example, on June 17, 2021 the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed a challenge on procedural grounds that argued the ACA is unconstitutional in its entirety because the “individual mandate” was repealed by the U.S. Congress. Thus, the ACA will remain in effect in its current form. It is possible that the ACA will be subject to judicial or congressional challenges in the future. It is unclear how any such challenges as well as the healthcare reform measures of the U.S. presidential administration will affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. For example, the Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, included reductions to CMS payments to providers of 2% per fiscal year, which went into effect on April 1, 2013 and, due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect through 2030 unless additional congressional action is taken, with the exception of a temporary suspension of the 2% cut in Medicare payments from May 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021. Additionally, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, among other things, reduced CMS payments to several providers, including hospitals, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover Medicare overpayments to providers from three to five years.

Further, we expect that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future. Because of that, we expect to experience pricing pressures on our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services due to the trend toward value-based pricing and coverage, the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations and legislative changes.

In an effort to reduce costs, many hospitals in the United States have become members of GPOs and Integrated Delivery Networks (the “IDNs”), which negotiate pricing arrangements with medical device companies and distributors and then offer these negotiated prices to affiliated hospitals and other members. GPOs and IDNs typically award contracts on a category-by-category basis through a competitive bidding process. Due to the highly competitive nature of the GPO and IDN contracting processes, we may not be able to obtain and maintain contract positions with major GPOs and IDNs. Furthermore, the increasing leverage of organized buying groups may reduce market prices for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, thereby reducing our revenue and margins.

We expect that a significant portion of our revenue will be derived from sales to customers for research and development applications, including for CROs. The demand for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services will depend in part upon the research and development budgets of these customers, which are impacted by factors beyond our control. In addition, academic, governmental and other research institutions that fund research and development activities may be subject to stringent budgetary constraints that could results in spending reductions, reduced allocations or budget cutbacks, which could jeopardize the ability of these customers to purchase our products.

Risks Related to Our Business Strategy

We may encounter difficulties in managing our growth, which could disrupt our operations and make it difficult to execute our business strategy.

As of June 30, 2021, we had 462 employees. We anticipate continued growth in our business operations, particularly in the areas of research and development, sales and marketing, regulatory affairs and other

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functional areas such as finance, accounting, quality and legal. Additionally, we expect to expand our testing, analytics and manufacturing capacities as we develop and commercialize additional platforms, products and services and expand our presence in existing markets and enter new markets, including North America. To manage our anticipated growth, we must continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational quality and financial systems, expand our facilities and continue to recruit, train and retain additional qualified personnel. This growth could create strain on our organizational, administrative and operational infrastructure, including laboratory operations, quality control, customer service and sales organization management, in particular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our management may also have to divert its attention away from day-to-day activities in order to manage growth. Difficulties managing our growth could disrupt our operations and make it difficult to execute our business strategy.

If we are unable to manage our growth, we may not be able to maintain the quality or expected turnaround times of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, or satisfy customer demand. Our ability to manage our growth will require us to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, as well as our reporting systems and procedures. The time and resources required to implement these new systems and procedures is uncertain, and failure to complete this in a timely and efficient manner could materially adversely affect our operations.

Our results of operations will be materially harmed if we are unable to accurately forecast customer demand for, and utilization of, our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services and manage our inventory.

To ensure adequate inventory supply, we must forecast inventory needs and assemble products related to our SOPHiA platform and services based on our estimates of future demand. Our ability to accurately forecast demand could be negatively affected by various factors, including our failure to accurately manage our expansion strategy, product introductions by competitors, change in customer demand, changes in customer acceptance, changes in general market conditions or regulatory matters and weakening of economic conditions or consumer confidence in future economic conditions. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs, which would adversely affect our gross margin and impair the strength of our brand. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, our supply chain, manufacturing collaborators and/or internal manufacturing team may not be able to deliver components to meet our requirements, which could damage our reputation, sales growth and customer relationships. In addition, if we experience a significant increase in demand, additional supplies of raw materials or additional manufacturing capacity may not be available when required on terms that are acceptable to us, if at all, or suppliers may not be able to allocate sufficient capacity in order to meet our increased requirements, which could adversely affect our business, reputation and results of operations.

We have in the past and may in the future acquire other businesses, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute shareholder value and adversely affect our results of operations.

As part of our business strategy, we have in the past and may in the future acquire complementary companies, platforms, products or technologies that we believe fit within our business model and can address the needs of our current and potential customers. For example, in June 2018 we acquired Interactive Biosoftware (“IBS”), a French tech company which developed and commercialized Alamut, the standardized decision support software for clinical genomic data interpretation. In connection with this acquisition, we faced challenges with connecting our Alamut suite to our SOPHiA platform. We also did not retain some key IBS employees for a variety of reasons. There can be no assurance that we can acquire or successfully integrate such companies, platforms, products or technologies into our business, in particular that we can successfully integrate any

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acquired technology into our SOPHiA platform. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete such acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, the pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur additional expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our strategic goals and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by our customers, investors and industry analysts. We may not be aware of all of the risks associated with the acquired business. In addition, an acquisition may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures, such as:

Foreign acquisitions involve unique risks in addition to those mentioned above, including those related to integration of operations across different cultures and languages, currency risks and the particular economic, political and regulatory risks associated with specific countries.

Any such acquisitions may reduce cash available for operations and other uses and could result in amortization expense related to identifiable assets acquired. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition and the value of our ordinary shares. The sale or issuance of equity securities to finance any such acquisitions would result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness to finance any such acquisition would result in fixed obligations and could also include restrictive covenants that impede our ability to manage our operations. In addition, our results of operations may be adversely affected by the dilutive effect of an acquisition, performance earn-outs or contingent bonuses associated with an acquisition.

Risks Related to Our Relationships with Third Parties

If we cannot maintain our current relationships and enter into new relationships with hospitals, reference and specialty laboratories, and biopharmaceutical companies, our revenue prospects could be reduced.

We collaborate with hospitals, reference and specialty laboratories, and biopharmaceutical companies to analyze patient samples for multiple applications, including to support research studies and clinical trials. The revenue attributable to our customers may fluctuate in the future, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the termination of these relationships could result in a temporary or permanent loss of revenue.

We also collaborate with a number of manufacturers, including IDT, Twist and Qiagen GmbH (“Qiagen”), in developing and manufacturing our products, in particular DNA enrichment kits. See “Business—Collaboration

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Agreements.” In addition to these manufacturing and supply agreements, we also entered into non-exclusive distribution agreements with IDT and Twist. Pursuant to these agreements, both IDT and Twist can offer our SOPHiA platform to their current and prospective customers, including clinical researchers.

Our future success depends in part on our ability to maintain these relationships and to establish new relationships, including with governmental and third-party payors and patients. Many factors have the potential to impact such relationships, including our customers’ and collaborators’ satisfaction with our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services and our ability to respond to the evolving needs of our customers. Furthermore, our customers may decide to decrease or discontinue their use of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services due to changes in clinical routine, research and product development plans, financial constraints or utilization of internal testing resources or tests. In addition, our collaborators may decide to discontinue providing services or manufacturing products, for instance testing kits, complementary to or compatible with our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, in particular products offered as part of “bundle” solutions together with our SOPHiA platform. Furthermore, our collaborators with whom we entered into both manufacturing and distribution agreements may be disincentivized from adequately performing their obligations under the applicable distribution agreement if we substantially decrease the quantities of products purchased from them under the manufacturing agreement or terminate the manufacturing agreement. In addition to reducing our revenue, the loss of one or more of these relationships may reduce our exposure to clinical routine and research that facilitate the collection and incorporation of new data, including new genomics profiles, into our SOPHiA platform.

We engage in conversations with potential collaborators regarding commercial opportunities on an ongoing basis. There can be no assurance that any of these conversations will result in a commercial agreement, or if an agreement is reached, that the resulting relationship will be successful or that clinical or research studies conducted as part of the engagement will produce successful outcomes.

Our operating results depend on the performance of third-party distributors.

A portion of our sales is made through independent global and regional distributors that are not under our control. We rely on distributors to grow and develop our customer base and anticipate customer needs, and any lack of such actions by our distributors may adversely affect our results of operations. If the business relationship with such distributor is terminated, whether through industry consolidation or otherwise, and we are unable to find a suitable replacement, our operations and operating results could be materially adversely affected. These independent distributors also generally represent products offered by several companies and are not subject to any minimum sales requirements or obligation to market our products to their customers. In turn, distributors could reduce their sales efforts for our products or choose to terminate their representation of us. They may also fail to perform their obligations under the agreements with us, including their obligations to ensure that end users of our SOPHiA platform are aware that informed consent is required from patients prior to obtaining access to our SOPHiA platform. Additionally, we rely on our distributors to provide accurate and timely sales reports in order for us to be able to generate financial reports that accurately represent distributor sales of our products during any given period. Any inaccuracies or untimely reports could adversely affect our ability to produce accurate and timely financial reports and recognize revenue.

We rely on third-party service providers to host and deliver our SOPHiA platform and related services, and any interruptions or delays in these services could harm our business.

We currently serve our customers from third-party data center hosting facilities located in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Europe, Turkey and Australia. Our operations depend, in part, on our third-party facility providers’ ability to protect these facilities against damage or interruption from natural disasters, power or telecommunications failures, criminal acts, and similar events. In the event that our data center arrangements

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are terminated, or if there are any lapses of service or damage to a center, we could experience lengthy interruptions in providing our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services as well as delays and additional expenses in making new arrangements.

We designed our system infrastructure and procure and own or lease the computer hardware used for our services. Design and mechanical errors, spikes in usage volume and failure to follow system protocols and procedures could cause our systems to fail and result in interruptions in our SOPHiA platform and related services. Any interruptions or delays in our service, whether as a result of third-party error, our own error, natural disasters or security breaches could harm our relationships with our customers, reduce our revenue and increase our expenses. In such events, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for losses that we may incur but such events could subject us to liability and cause us to issue credits or cause customers to abandon our SOPHiA platform and related services.

In addition, we currently use Microsoft Corporation (“Microsoft”) and Microsoft Azure Services for a substantial portion of our computing, storage, data processing, networking and other services. In addition, our platform can be deployed onto other platforms, including Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) or Google Cloud Platform (“Google Cloud”). Any significant disruption of, or interference with, our use of Microsoft Azure Services, AWS, Google Cloud or other similar cloud platform, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Cloud providers have broad discretion to change and interpret the terms of service and other policies with respect to us, and those actions may be unfavorable to our business operations. Cloud providers may also take actions beyond our control that could seriously harm our business, including discontinuing or limiting our access to one or more services, increasing pricing terms, terminating or seeking to terminate our contractual relationship altogether or altering how we are able to process data in a way that is unfavorable or costly to us. If our arrangements with cloud providers were terminated, we could experience interruptions on our platform and in our ability to make our content available to users, as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging for alternative cloud infrastructure services. Any transition to new cloud providers would be difficult to implement and would cause us to incur significant delays and expense.

Additionally, we are vulnerable to service interruptions experienced by Microsoft Azure Services, Microsoft, AWS, Google Cloud and other providers, and we expect to experience interruptions, delays or outages in service availability in the future due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human, hardware or software errors, hosting disruptions and capacity constraints. Outages and capacity constraints could arise from a number of causes such as technical failures, natural disasters, fraud or security attacks. The level of service provided by these providers, or regular or prolonged interruptions in that service, could also affect the use of, and our users’ satisfaction with, our products and services and could harm our business and reputation. In addition, hosting costs will increase as user engagement grows, which could harm our business if we are unable to grow our revenue faster than the cost of using these services or the services of other providers. Any of these factors could further reduce our revenue or subject us to liability, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on third-party manufacturers for the supply, manufacture and production of our products. Our reliance on these third parties may impair the advancement and commercialization of our products.

We rely, and expect that we will continue to rely, on third parties for the manufacturing and supply of our products offered with our SOPHiA platform, and such reliance on third-party manufacturers may expose us to different risks than if we were to manufacture products ourselves. If our agreements with these third parties expire or are terminated, there can be no assurance that we would be able to negotiate new agreements with them or other third parties on equally favorable terms as the current agreements, or at all. For example, we rely on our manufacturing and supply agreements with multiple parties, including IDT, Twist and Qiagen, for the

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manufacture of our DNA enrichments kits, which we offer to our clients as part of “bundle” solutions together with our SOPHiA platform.

Reliance on third-party providers exposes us to different risks than if we were to manufacture and supply products ourselves. If our third-party manufacturers fail to deliver the required commercial quantities of materials on a timely basis and at commercially reasonable prices, and we are unable to find one or more replacement manufacturers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost in substantially equivalent volumes and quality on a timely basis, the continued commercialization of our products, the supply of our products to customers and the development of any future products will be delayed, limited or prevented, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, although we have auditing rights with all our manufacturing counterparties and we have the right under our agreements both with IDT and Twist to submit our own product design specifications, we do not have control over a manufacturer’s compliance with applicable manufacturing standards and other laws and regulations, such as those related to environmental health and safety matters. Any failure to achieve and maintain compliance with these laws, regulations and standards could subject us to the risk that we may have to suspend the manufacturing of our products and that obtained regulatory clearance could be revoked, which would adversely affect our business and reputation. In addition, we have encountered and may in the future encounter quality issues with our products if our third-party manufacturers fail to deliver the required materials for, or components of, our products free of defects and contaminants and/or in conformity with applicable specifications, warranties and statutory or regulatory requirements. For example, in June 2021, we detected cross-contamination of index plates used in some of the DNA enrichment kits sold as part of our “bundle” solutions, which resulted from a defect in index plates supplied by one of our third-party manufacturers, and notified certain of our customers of this. Though in this instance, the cross-contamination to date has not led to detection rates inconsistent with our claimed limits of detection for the DNA enrichment kits or given rise to any pending or threatened claims, we cannot guarantee that quality issues resulting from one of our third-party manufacturer’s failure to deliver compliant materials or components free of defects and contaminants will not lead to product recalls, marketing or promotional restrictions, litigation, customer loss or reputational harm or otherwise negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, our manufacturing collaborators may be unable to successfully increase the manufacturing capacity for our products in a timely or cost-effective manner, or at all, as needed for our development efforts or, if our additional products are developed and approved, our commercialization efforts. Quality issues may also arise during scale-up activities, some of which may not be readily apparent to us or our collaborators.

Establishing additional or replacement manufacturers could take a substantial amount of time and be expensive, which may result in interruptions in our operations and product delivery, negatively affect the quality and performance of our products or require that modifications be made to our products’ designs. Even if we are able to find replacement manufacturers, we will be required to verify that the new manufacturer maintains facilities, procedures and operations that comply with our quality expectations and applicable regulatory requirements. If we are unable to find an adequate replacement or another acceptable solution in time, our research and development and commercial activities could be harmed.

We rely on third parties to conduct multimodal clinical studies. If they do not properly and successfully perform their obligations to us, we may not be able to gather data necessary to support further development of our SOPHiA platform in a particular disease area or to support regulatory submissions.

We rely, and we expect that we will continue to rely, on third parties to assist in managing, monitoring and otherwise carrying out multimodal clinical studies of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions and products. For example, we rely on participating sites and their staff, such as clinical research assistants, to gather and enter data. As a result of our reliance on these third parties, we have less direct control over the conduct,

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timing and completion of these studies than we would otherwise have if we relied entirely upon our own staff. These third parties are not our employees and we have limited control over the amount of time and resources that they dedicate to our studies, but we nevertheless are responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical studies is conducted in accordance with applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards. In addition, communications with outside parties can also be challenging, potentially leading to mistakes as well as difficulties in coordinating activities. Outside parties may have staffing difficulties, fail to comply with contractual obligations, experience regulatory compliance issues, undergo changes in priorities or become financially distressed, or form relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors.

If these third parties do not successfully carry out their duties under their agreements, or if the quality or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised, or if they fail to comply with study protocols or meet expected deadlines, the multimodal clinical studies of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions and products may fail to generate data necessary to support further development of our platform in a particular disease area or to support regulatory submissions and could subject us to liability claims. If third-parties fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, the data generated in the multimodal clinical studies may be unreliable and these studies may be extended, delayed, suspended or terminated and we could be subject to liability claims.

We compete with many other companies for the resources of these third parties. These third parties may have contractual relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors, which may draw time and resources away from our studies. If any of our relationships with these third parties terminate, we may not be able to enter into alternative arrangements or to do so on commercially reasonable terms. As a result, delays may occur in our studies, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired development, regulatory and commercialization timelines. There can be no assurance that we will not encounter challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Performance issues, service interruptions or price increases by our shipping carriers and warehousing providers could adversely affect our business, reputation and ability to provide our products on a timely basis.

Expedited, reliable shipping and delivery services and secure warehousing are essential to our operations. We rely on providers of transport services for reliable and secure point-to-point transport of our research and diagnostic products and for tracking of these shipments, and from time to time require warehousing for our products. Should a carrier encounter delivery performance issues such as loss, damage or destruction of any systems, it would be costly to replace such systems in a timely manner and such occurrences may damage our reputation, reduce demand for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services and increase costs and expenses to our business. In addition, any significant increase in shipping or warehousing rates could adversely affect our operating margins and results of operations. Similarly, strikes, severe weather, natural disasters, civil unrest and disturbances or other service interruptions affecting delivery or warehousing services we use would adversely affect our ability to process orders for our products on a timely basis.

We rely on commercial courier delivery services to transport samples to our laboratory facility in a timely and cost-efficient manner and if these delivery services are disrupted, our business will be harmed. Disruptions in delivery service, whether due to labor disruptions, bad weather, natural disaster, civil unrest or disturbances, terrorist acts or threats or other reasons could adversely affect specimen integrity and our ability to process samples in a timely manner and to service our customers, and ultimately our reputation and our business. In addition, if we are unable to continue to obtain expedited delivery services on commercially reasonable terms, our operating results may be adversely affected.

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We intend to rely on third-party distributors to realize our expansion strategy.

We offer our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services through third-party distributors in various geographies. We intend to extend our presence into new geographies and further penetrate existing geographies, particularly geographies that represent largely underpenetrated opportunities such as North America, and to do so we must attract additional distributors and retain existing distributors to maximize the commercial opportunity for our platform, services and products. There is no guarantee that we will be successful in attracting or retaining desirable sales and distribution collaborators or that we will be able to enter into such arrangements on favorable terms. Most of our distribution relationships are non-exclusive and permit such distributors to distribute competing products. As such, our distributors may not commit the necessary resources to market our products to the level of our expectations or may choose to favor marketing the products of our competitors. If current or future distributors do not perform adequately or we are unable to enter into effective arrangements with distributors in particular geographies, we may not achieve revenue growth and realize our expansion strategy.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We are highly dependent on our senior management team and other key personnel, and our business could be harmed if we are unable to attract and retain such personnel.

We are highly dependent on our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer Dr. Jurgi Camblong. Our success will depend on our ability to retain senior management and to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future, including sales and marketing professionals, scientists, clinical specialists and other highly skilled personnel. The loss of members of our senior management, sales and marketing professionals, scientists, IT and data experts or clinical and regulatory specialists could result in delays in product development and commercialization and harm our business.

Our research and development programs and laboratory operations depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists and technicians. We may not be able to attract or retain qualified scientists and technicians due to the competition for such personnel among life science businesses, particularly near our headquarters in Saint-Sulpice, Switzerland, our laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland and our locations in Boston, Massachusetts and Bidart and Bordeaux, France. We also face competition from universities and public and private research institutions in recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific and technical personnel. We may also have difficulties locating, recruiting or retaining qualified sales people. Recruiting and retention difficulties can limit our ability to support our research and development and sales programs.

To induce valuable employees to remain at our company, in addition to salary and cash incentives, we have granted and may continue to grant share-based compensation awards that vest over time. The value to employees of such awards is significantly affected by movements in our share price, and such awards may at any time be insufficient to counteract more lucrative offers from other companies. Despite our efforts to retain valuable employees, members of our management, scientific and development teams may terminate their employment with us on short notice. We do not maintain “key person” insurance policies.

Our industry is subject to rapid change, which could make our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services obsolete. If we are unable to continue to innovate and improve our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, we could fail to attract new customers and expand our market share and we could lose existing customers and market share.

Our industry is characterized by rapid changes, including technological and scientific breakthroughs, frequent new product or service introductions and enhancements and evolving industry standards, all of which could

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make our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services and others we are developing obsolete. Our future success will depend on our ability to keep pace with the evolving needs of our customers on a timely and cost-effective basis and to pursue new market opportunities that develop as a result of scientific and technological advances.

In recent years, there have been numerous advancements in genomics and our understanding of cancer, rare diseases, cardiology, neurology, metabolism and infectious diseases. There have also been advancements in methods used to analyze very large amounts of molecular information. New technologies, including new AI/ML-powered technologies, and evolving business models in the field of precision medicine continue to develop rapidly. We must continuously enhance our offerings and develop new and improved features, applications and data modalities of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services to keep pace with scientific and industry developments. If we do not leverage or scale our database of genomic profiles or update our data analytics platform and improve our services and research and diagnostic products to reflect new scientific knowledge, including in the fields of oncology and hereditary disorders, our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services could become obsolete and sales of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services could decline or fail to grow as expected. A failure to make continuous improvements to our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services to keep ahead of those of our competitors could result in the loss of customers or market share.

We face competition from many sources and we may be unable to compete successfully.

As discussed in the section of this prospectus captioned “Business—Competition,” there are a number of healthcare technology companies providing bioinformatics analysis solutions, services and products in North and South America, Europe and Asia. These competitors provide AI-driven precision medicine platforms, services and research and diagnostic products to hospitals, researchers, medical personnel, laboratories and other medical facilities. Many of these organizations, particularly in the United States, are more established, possess regulatory clearances and approval, have broader or deeper relations with healthcare professionals, customers and third-party payors, have greater ability to price their platforms, solutions, products and services competitively and have significantly greater financial and personnel resources and market share than we do. As a consequence, they may be able to spend more on product development, marketing, sales and other product initiatives than we can. Our continued success depends on our ability to:

Our competitors also compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific, management and commercial personnel, as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to, or necessary for, development of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services. Because of the complex and technical nature of data-driven healthcare analysis and the dynamic market in which we compete, any failure to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees could materially harm our ability to develop and commercialize our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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As we attain greater commercial success, our competitors are likely to develop technology, platforms, products and services that offer features and functionality similar to ours. Improvements in existing competitive technology, platforms, products and services or the introduction of new competitive technology, platforms, products and services may make it more difficult for us to compete for sales, particularly if competitors demonstrate better accuracy, reliability, convenience or effectiveness or price their platforms, products and services less expensively.

Our competitors may develop data analytics platforms and products or adopt and implement standards or technologies not compatible with our SOPHiA platform and our other services and products. This may inhibit our efforts to develop our platform, services and products in a technology-agnostic manner, which could narrow the addressable market for our SOPHiA platform and our other services and products, adversely impact their sales and market acceptance, and limit our revenue growth and potential profitability.

In addition, we operate in an ecosystem where we and our customers have multiple offerings and our own customers may become our competitors or may view us as potential competitors. This could disincentivize our customers or potential customers from adopting our offerings and sharing data with us, which would adversely impact sales and market acceptance and limit our revenue growth and potential profitability.

Security or data privacy breaches, other unauthorized or improper access, or denial of access (e.g., ransomware) could result in additional costs, loss of revenue, significant liabilities, harm to our brand and decreased use of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products or services.

In connection with various facets of our business, we collect and use a variety of personal data related to different data subjects (e.g., patients, users, agents, employees, representatives, etc.), such as identity data, contact data, profile data, technical data, health data, and genomic data. In addition, in connection with the performance of our contractual obligations and upon request from our customers and collaborators, we may access additional data, such as data available in the accounts of customers for support operations or data provided for research and development projects. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security incidents or improper access to, use, disclosure or other misappropriation of our data or customers’ personal data or the inability to rightfully access any such data could result in significant liability under state (e.g., state breach notification and privacy laws such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”)), federal (e.g., the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”), collectively “HIPAA”) and international laws (e.g., the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”)). Such an incident may also cause a material loss of revenue from the potential adverse impact to our reputation and brand, affect our ability to retain or attract new users and customers of our products and services and potentially disrupt our business.

Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential patient or employee data, including personally identifiable information, whether through a breach of computer systems, systems failure, employee negligence, fraud or misappropriation, or otherwise, or unauthorized access to or through our information systems and networks, whether by our employees or third parties, could result in negative publicity, legal liability and damage to our reputation. Unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information could also expose us to sanctions for violations of data privacy laws and regulations around the world. To the extent that any disruption or security incident resulted in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and the further development of our products or services could be delayed.

As we become more dependent on information technologies, to conduct our operations, cyber incidents, including deliberate attacks and attempts to gain unauthorized access to computer systems and networks, may increase in frequency and sophistication. These threats pose a risk to the security of our systems and networks, the confidentiality and the availability and integrity of our data, and these risks apply both to us (including via

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our corporate systems and any employees that may be working remotely, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic) and to third parties on whose systems we rely for the conduct of our business. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we and our collaborators may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. We may in the future experience security incidents. In particular, we may be subject to security incidents as we continue to adapt and upgrade our platform architecture. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build and sustain the proper technology and cybersecurity infrastructure, we could suffer significant business disruption, data loss or the loss of or damage to intellectual property or other proprietary information. While no security incidents in the past have had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, we cannot predict the impact of any such future events. Further, although we are obligated under certain laws and regulations to ensure that our platform, systems and servers and those of our service providers remain compliant with the relevant legal requirements with respect to data privacy and security, we do not have any control over the operations of the facilities or technology of such providers, including any third-party vendors that collect, process and store personal data on our behalf. Our platform, systems and servers and those of our service providers may be vulnerable to computer viruses or physical or electronic break-ins that our or their security measures may not detect, including via supply chain attacks. Individuals able to circumvent such security measures may misappropriate our confidential or proprietary information, disrupt our operations, damage our computers or otherwise impair our reputation and business. We may need to expend significant resources and make significant capital investments to protect against security breaches or to mitigate the impact of any such breaches. In addition, to the extent that our platform, systems and servers and those of our service providers experience security breaches that result in the unauthorized or improper use of confidential data, employee data or personal data, we may not be indemnified for any losses resulting from such breaches. There can be no assurance that we or our third-party providers will be successful in preventing cyberattacks or successfully mitigating their effects. If we are unable to prevent or mitigate the impact of such security breaches, our ability to attract and retain new customers, patients and other collaborators could be harmed as they may be reluctant to entrust their data to us, and we could be exposed to litigation and governmental investigations, proceedings and regulatory actions by federal, state and local regulatory entities in the United States and by international regulatory entities, and we could breach our contractual obligations, all of which could result in significant legal and financial exposure and reputational damages and lead to a potential disruption to our business or other adverse consequences.

If we experience significant disruptions in our information technology systems, our business may be adversely affected.

We depend on our information technology systems for the efficient functioning of our business, including the performance, distribution and maintenance of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services, as well as for accounting, data storage, compliance, purchasing and inventory management, and our continued growth is dependent on our ability to adapt and upgrade our platform architecture without suffering significant business disruption, data loss or the loss of or damage to intellectual property or other proprietary information. Our information technology systems may fail and are vulnerable to breakdown, breach, interruption or damage from computer viruses, ransomware or other malware, attacks by computer hackers, including sophisticated nation-state and nation-state-supported actors, employee error or malfeasance, theft or misuse, failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components thereof, power outages, damage or interruption from fires or other natural disasters, hardware failures, telecommunication failures and user errors, among other malfunctions. We could be subject to an unintentional event that involves a third party gaining unauthorized access to our systems, which could disrupt our operations, corrupt our data or result in release of our confidential information. Technological interruptions would disrupt our operations, including our ability to timely ship and track diagnostic test orders and results, project inventory requirements, manage our supply chain and otherwise adequately service our customers or disrupt our customers’ ability to use our products and services. In the event we experience significant disruptions, we may be unable to repair our systems in an efficient

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and timely manner. Accordingly, such events may disrupt or reduce the efficiency of our entire operation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Currently, we carry business interruption coverage to mitigate certain potential losses, but this insurance is limited in amount and there can be no assurance that such potential losses will not exceed our policy limits. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed or are not covered by our insurance coverage, or changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, such insurance may not cover all potential claims to which we are exposed. We are increasingly dependent on complex information technology to manage our infrastructure. Our information systems require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain, protect and enhance our existing systems. Failure to maintain or protect our information systems and data integrity effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease in Switzerland, the United States or worldwide, including the outbreak of the novel strain of coronavirus disease, COVID-19, could adversely affect our business.

If a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease occurs in Switzerland, the United States or worldwide, our business may be adversely affected. COVID-19 has spread to most countries and throughout Switzerland and the United States. Numerous jurisdictions have imposed, and others in the future may impose, “shelter-in-place” orders, quarantines, executive orders and similar government orders and restrictions for their residents to control the spread of COVID-19. Such orders or restrictions have resulted in reduced operations at our headquarters, work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, travel restrictions and cancellation of events. Other disruptions or potential disruptions include the inability of our suppliers and manufacturers to manufacture and deliver components and products on a timely basis; disruptions in our research and development schedules; disruptions in our ability to provide customer support; delays in actions of regulatory bodies; diversion of or limitations on employee resources that would otherwise be focused on the operations of our business; business adjustments or disruptions of medical institutions and clinical investigators with whom we conduct business; and additional government requirements or other incremental mitigation efforts that may further impact the supply, manufacture and delivery of our products. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may result in restricted access to reference and specialty laboratories, prioritization of COVID-19-related testing at the expense of non-COVID-19 analysis and potential supply bottlenecks, in particular with respect to consumables, reagents and other products shared between NGS and COVID-19 testing or COVID-19 vaccination. For example, we may face a shortage of dry ice and other materials which are essential to delivering our products to our customers due to the increased demand for such products because of the COVID-19 vaccination distribution, COVID-19 testing and COVID-19 antibody development.

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected our non-COVID-19 analysis-related revenue. Certain of our customers have experienced, and may in the future experience, operational disruptions within their organizations, economic disruptions and delays in clinical trial enrollment and have prioritized combating COVID-19, which have resulted in delayed or canceled orders of our solutions, products and services. As a result, we observed a significant decrease in analysis volume generated on our SOPHiA platform of 32% in the second quarter of 2020, as compared to the prior quarter. Although we have seen a sustained recovery during the remainder of 2020, we believe that we experienced lower customer acquisition and revenue growth in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic than we otherwise would have achieved.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity and spread of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19, including any actions that affect or limit testing and diagnostic procedures. While the potential impact brought by, and the duration of, any pandemic, epidemic or

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outbreak of an infectious disease, including COVID-19, may be difficult to assess or predict, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption of global financial markets and a reduction in our ability to access capital, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, a recession or market correction resulting from the spread of an infectious disease, including COVID-19, could materially affect our business. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

If our laboratory facility becomes damaged or inoperable or we are required to vacate our existing facilities, our ability to conduct our laboratory processes and analysis and pursue our research and development efforts may be jeopardized.

We operate a laboratory facility located in Geneva, Switzerland. Our facility and equipment could be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including war, fire, earthquake, power loss, communications failure or terrorism, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to operate our platform for some period of time. The inability to perform our laboratory processes or to reduce the backlog that could develop if our facilities are inoperable, for even a short period of time, may result in the loss of customers or harm to our reputation, and we may be unable to regain those customers or repair our reputation in the future.

Furthermore, our facility and the equipment we use to perform our research and development work could be unavailable or costly and time-consuming to repair or replace, which may increase backlog. It would be difficult, time-consuming and expensive to rebuild our facility, to locate new facilities or license or transfer our proprietary technologies to a third party.

We carry insurance for damage to our property, but this insurance may not cover all of the risks associated with damage, may not provide coverage in amounts sufficient to cover our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.

If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit or halt the marketing and sale of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services.

We face an inherent risk of product liability as a result of the marketing and sale of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services and the testing of our SOPHiA platform in clinical studies. For example, we may be sued if our NGS test kits cause or are perceived to cause injury, provide inaccurate or incomplete information or are found to be otherwise unsuitable during manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claim may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability or a breach of warranties. In addition, we may be subject to claims against us even if the apparent injury is due to the actions of others or the preexisting health of the patient. If medical personnel, care collaborators or patients who operate our research and diagnostic products are not properly trained, are negligent or use our research and diagnostic products incorrectly, the capabilities of such products may be diminished or the patient may suffer injury. If we sponsor interventional clinical studies of our SOPHiA platform in the future, our risk of being subject to product liability lawsuits may be heightened.

If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit or halt the marketing and sale of our products. Even successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:

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We believe that we have adequate product liability insurance, but it may not prove to be adequate to cover all liabilities that we may incur. Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive. We may not be able to maintain or obtain insurance at a reasonable cost or in an amount adequate to satisfy any liability that may arise. Our insurance policy contains various exclusions, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. The potential inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the marketing and sale of our products and services. We may have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any product liability claims brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our product liability insurance rates or prevent us from securing continuing coverage, harm our reputation in our industry, significantly increase our expenses and reduce sales.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect our business and the price of our ordinary shares.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by a company’s board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

In connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and audit process for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, we and our independent registered public accounting firm have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls related to financial reporting. For each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, we have determined that we did not:

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These material weaknesses resulted in adjustments to our consolidated financial statements during the audit process. We have taken and continue to take steps to remediate the aforementioned material weaknesses and to enhance our overall control environment, including hiring a key finance department employee with the appropriate expertise to support our Chief Financial Officer and Controller and retaining an accounting consulting firm to provide additional support to our technical accounting and financial reporting capabilities and support our finance department in the design and implementation of an improved internal controls system. We have also begun the process of reviewing and documenting our accounting and financial processes and internal controls, improving and formalizing accounting and reporting policies, and building out the appropriate technical, financial management and reporting systems infrastructure to automate and standardize such policies.

In addition, as an emerging growth company, we currently are not required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. As a result, neither our management nor an independent registered public accounting firm has performed an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and actions we may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to these material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses.

Our internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures in the past have not prevented all errors and fraud and in the future may not prevent all errors and fraud.

A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of a control system reflects resource constraints, which requires management to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Further, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management’s override of the control. The design of our system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

For example, in August 2020, we received a whistleblower complaint that certain members of our finance team were requested to increase revenues by recording uncollected revenues of $2.0 million in the aggregate for unused minimum volume commitments for two contracts with customers of our U.S. subsidiary for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020. The whistleblower complaint raised concerns as to whether these minimum volume commitments could be contractually enforced and collected. We commissioned an independent external forensic review of this whistleblower complaint. In light of the findings of this review, the chair of our audit committee recommended to our chief executive officer to reverse all revenues related to those two contracts for uncollected minimum volume commitments recorded in our U.S. subsidiary’s financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, which recommendation was implemented. The

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revenue reversals were recorded prior to the finalization of our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS that are included in this prospectus. Our then-chief financial officer left the company in February 2021.

We have undertaken steps to strengthen our internal controls over financial reporting, including (i) the hiring of a new chief financial officer, (ii) the hiring of additional personnel and external advisors to support our finance function and improve internal controls over financial reporting, (iii) formalization of revenue recognition policy to clarify the accounting treatment for minimum volume commitments and (iv) enhanced training on our systems, policies and procedures and our whistleblower policy. However, there can be no assurance that our control systems can prevent all errors or fraud.

Litigation and other legal proceedings may adversely affect our business.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property matters, product liability claims, employee claims, tort or contract claims, regulatory investigations, securities class action and other legal proceedings or investigations, which could have an adverse impact on our reputation, business and financial condition and divert the attention of our management from the operation of our business. Litigation is inherently unpredictable and can result in excessive or unanticipated verdicts and/or injunctive relief that affect how we operate our business. We could incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims for monetary damages or for agreements to change the way we operate our business, or both. There may be an increase in the scope of these matters or there may be additional lawsuits, claims, proceedings or investigations in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Adverse publicity about regulatory or legal action against us could damage our reputation and brand image, undermine our customers’ confidence and reduce long-term demand for our products and services, even if the regulatory or legal action is unfounded or not material to our operations.

Our business is subject to economic, political, regulatory and other risks associated with international operations.

Our results could be adversely affected by a variety of risks associated with our international operations, including economic weakness, such as inflation, or political instability in economies and markets; global trends towards pharmaceutical pricing; differing regulatory requirements for bioinformatics analysis services and research and diagnostic products approvals; differing reimbursement, pricing and insurance regimes; potentially reduced protection for, and complexities and difficulties in obtaining, maintaining, protecting and enforcing, intellectual property rights; difficulties in compliance with U.S. and non-U.S. laws and regulations, including data security and data protection laws, which may result in increased compliance costs to us, and anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws; changes in regulations and customs, tariffs and trade barriers; changes in currency exchange rates and currency controls; changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic environment; trade protection measures, economic sanctions and embargoes on certain countries and persons, import or export licensing requirements or other restrictive actions by governments, including with respect to our products and services, in particular IT solutions, services and technologies on which our operations rely; changes in tax laws; compliance with tax, employment, immigration and labor laws for employees living or traveling abroad; workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in Switzerland and the United States; difficulties associated with staffing and managing international operations, including differing labor relations; production shortages resulting from any events affecting raw material supply or manufacturing capabilities abroad; business interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism, or natural disasters including earthquakes, typhoons, floods and fires; and the impact of public health epidemics on employees and the global economy, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Any of these factors could require us to modify our business plans and strategy and significantly harm our future international expansion and operations and, consequently, our revenue and results of operations.

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Risks Related to Governmental Regulation

Currently our products in the United States are labeled as RUO. We intend to seek regulatory clearance or approval to offer our products as IVD products for diagnostic use. We cannot guarantee when, if at all, we will apply for regulatory clearance or approval or that we will be successful in obtaining such clearances or approvals.

While we have several CE-IVD products, our currently available products in the United States are labeled as RUO products and are not intended for diagnostic use. Although we have focused initially on the RUO products only, our strategy is to expand our product line to encompass products that are intended to be used as IVDs. Such IVD products will be subject to regulation by the FDA as medical devices, including requirements for regulatory clearance or approval of such products before they can be marketed. Accordingly, we will be required to obtain FDA 510(k) clearance or premarket approval (“PMA”) in order to sell our products in a manner consistent with FDA laws and regulations. Such regulatory approval processes or clearances are expensive, time-consuming and uncertain; our efforts may never result in any premarket approval or 510(k) approval or clearance for our products; and failure by us to obtain or comply with such approvals and clearances could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process. They may refuse to accept any application or may decide that our data are insufficient for approval and require additional studies. Therefore, even if we believe the data collected from studies of our platform are promising, such data may not be sufficient to support approval by any regulatory authority. If we are required to conduct additional studies or other testing of any of our platform beyond those we contemplate, we may incur significant additional costs and regulatory approval may be delayed or prevented. Furthermore, approval by one regulatory authority does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions, and we may be required to undertake additional studies to access particular markets.

If we successfully obtain such approvals, we will be subject to a substantial number of additional requirements for medical devices, including establishment registration, device listing, and Quality Systems Regulations (“QSRs”) which cover the design, testing, production, control, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, servicing, sterilization (if required), and storage and shipping of medical devices (among other activities), product labeling, advertising, record keeping, post-market surveillance, post-approval studies, adverse event reporting, and correction and removal (recall) regulations. We may be required to expend significant resources to ensure ongoing compliance with the FDA regulations and/or take satisfactory corrective action in response to enforcement action, which may have a material adverse effect on the ability to design, develop and commercialize products using our technology as planned. Failure to comply with these requirements may subject us to a range of enforcement actions, such as warning letters, injunctions, civil monetary penalties, criminal prosecution, recall and/or seizure of products, and revocation of marketing authorization, as well as significant adverse publicity. If we fail to obtain, or experience significant delays in obtaining, regulatory approvals for IVD or other products, such products may not be able to be launched or successfully commercialized in a timely manner, or at all.

Laboratory developed tests (“LDTs”) are a subset of IVD tests that are designed, manufactured and used within a single laboratory. The FDA maintains that LDTs are medical devices and has for the most part exercised enforcement discretion for most LDTs. A significant change in the way that the FDA regulates any LDTs that our customers develop using our RUO components could affect our business. If the FDA requires laboratories to undergo premarket review and comply with other applicable FDA requirements in the future, the cost and time required to commercialize an LDT will increase substantially, and may reduce the financial incentive for laboratories to develop LDTs, which could reduce demand for our RUO products.

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We develop products for clinical laboratories, which may be qualified as LDTs, as well as market RUO products. Our customer may decide to validate our products to use as an LDT, which will be covered under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (“CLIA”) and CMS, although future developments may cause us to be subject to additional FDA requirements.

The laws and regulations governing the marketing of diagnostic products are evolving, extremely complex and in many instances, there are no significant regulatory or judicial interpretations of these laws and regulations. Pursuant to its authority under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the “FDCA”), the FDA has jurisdiction over medical devices, including in vitro diagnostics and, therefore, potentially our diagnostic products.

Pursuant to the FDCA and its implementing regulations, the FDA regulates the research, testing, manufacturing, safety, labeling, storage, record keeping, premarket clearance or approval, marketing and promotion, and sales and distribution of medical devices in the United States to ensure that medical products distributed domestically are safe and effective for their intended uses. Although the FDA has asserted that it has authority to regulate the development and use of LDTs, such as our and many other laboratories’ tests, as medical devices, it has generally exercised enforcement discretion and is not otherwise regulating most tests developed and performed within a single high-complexity CLIA-certified laboratory. The FDA could, at any time, change its policy with regard to this matter or the U.S. Congress could take action to amend the law to change the current regulatory framework for in vitro diagnostics and LDTs.

We currently do not offer any diagnostic products in the United States. We believe that our research products, as utilized in clinical laboratories by our customers, are and would be considered LDTs and that as a result, the FDA does not require that they obtain regulatory clearances or approvals for the LDTs or their components pursuant to the FDA’s current policies and guidance. Although we believe that our products and test components delivered to our customers, when validated as LDTs, are either exempt from FDA medical device regulations or are subject to an enforcement discretion policy, it is possible that the FDA would not agree with these determinations or that the FDA will change its regulations and policies such that our products become regulated as medical devices.

In addition, changes in the current regulatory framework for diagnostic products and services can impose additional regulatory burdens on us. For example, the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health is currently considering a total product lifecycle-based regulatory framework for AI/ML technologies. On January 12, 2021, the FDA released its Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning-Based Software as a Medical Device Action Plan. As the regulatory framework evolves, we may incur substantial costs to ensure compliance with new or amended laws and regulations. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could result in enforcement actions against us, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our operations, therefore, are or may become subject to extensive regulation by the FDA in the United States, the EMA in the EU and in other jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Government regulations specific to medical devices are wide-ranging and govern, among other things:

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The FDA, the EMA and U.S. state authorities have broad enforcement powers. Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by any such agency, which may include any of the following sanctions:

As discussed above, although we believe that our current line of products and their components, as utilized in clinical laboratories by our customers, are LDTs, subject to state licensing requirements and federal regulation by CMS under CLIA, it is possible that the FDA or comparable regulatory authorities would not agree with our determinations. If our products become subject to 510(k) or other similar FDA regulations, we would need to comply with the applicable regulations or face significant civil and criminal penalties. Exposure to these additional regulatory requirements would also affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to comply with federal, state, and foreign laboratory licensing requirements if we begin to provide diagnostic products in the United States could result in significant penalties and materially adversely affect our operations.

CLIA is a federal law that regulates clinical laboratories that perform testing on specimens derived from humans for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease, or impairment of, or the assessment of the health of, human beings. CLIA regulations require, among other things, clinical laboratories to obtain a certificate and mandate specific standards in the areas of personnel qualifications, administration, participation in proficiency testing, test management, and quality assurance. In addition to federal certification requirements of laboratories under CLIA, CLIA provides that states may adopt laboratory regulations and licensure requirements that are more stringent than those under federal law. A number of states have implemented their own licensure and more stringent laboratory regulatory requirements. Such laws, among other things, establish standards for the day-to-day operation of a clinical laboratory, including the training and skills required of personnel and quality control. Failure to comply with CLIA and applicable state clinical laboratory licensure requirements may result in a range of enforcement actions, including license suspension, limitation, or revocation, directed plan of action, onsite monitoring, civil monetary penalties, and criminal sanctions as well as significant adverse publicity.

Based on our current scope of operations, we do not currently operate a CLIA-certified laboratory and our customers are responsible for their own CLIA certification. However, if we begin to provide diagnostic products in the United States, we will become subject to such requirements.

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We may fail to obtain required clearances or approvals in additional jurisdictions for any of our products or services and, even if we do, we may never be able to commercialize them in additional jurisdictions, which would limit our ability to realize their full market potential.

While we currently have operations in 70 countries, in order to eventually market any of our current or future products and services in any particular jurisdiction, we must establish and comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis regarding quality, safety, performance and efficacy. In addition, regulatory clearance, authorization or approval in one country does not guarantee regulatory clearance, authorization or approval in any other country. For example, the performance characteristics of our products and services may need to be validated separately in specific ethnic and genetic populations. Approval processes vary among countries and can involve additional product testing and validation and additional administrative review periods.

Seeking regulatory clearance, authorization or approval could result in difficulties and costs. Regulatory requirements and ethical approval obligations can vary widely from country to country and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products and services in those countries. We have no experience in obtaining regulatory clearance, authorization or approval in international markets. If we fail to comply with regulatory requirements in international markets or to obtain and maintain required regulatory clearances, authorizations or approvals in international markets, or if those approvals are delayed, our target market will be reduced and our ability to realize the full market potential of our products and services will be unrealized.

Our products or services may be subject to product or service recalls in the future. A recall of products or services, either voluntarily or at the direction of a regulatory authority, or the discovery of serious safety issues with our products or services, could have a significant adverse impact on us.

Regulatory authorities can require the recall of commercialized products or services that are subject to its regulation. Manufacturers may, under their own initiative, recall a product or service if any deficiency is found. For reportable corrections and removals, companies are required to make additional periodic submissions to the regulatory authorities after initiating the recall, and often engage with the regulatory authorities on their recall strategy prior to initiating the recall. A government-mandated or voluntary recall by us or one of our distributors could occur as a result of an unacceptable health risk, component failures, failures in laboratory processes, malfunctions, manufacturing errors, design or labeling defects, or other deficiencies and issues. Recalls of any of our commercialized products or services would divert managerial and financial resources and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. We may also be subject to liability claims, be required to bear other costs or take other actions that may negatively impact our future sales and our ability to generate profits. Companies are also required to maintain certain records of corrections and removals, even if these do not require reporting to the regulatory authorities. We may initiate voluntary recalls involving our commercialized products or services, including kits offered as part of “bundle” solutions. A recall announcement by us could harm our reputation with customers and negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the FDA or another agency could take enforcement action for failing to report the recalls when they were conducted.

If we initiate a recall, including a correction or removal, for one of our commercialized products or services, issue a safety alert, or undertake a field action or recall to reduce a health risk, this could lead to increased scrutiny by the FDA, other governmental and regulatory enforcement bodies, and our customers regarding the quality and safety of our products and services, and to negative publicity, including FDA alerts, press releases, or administrative or judicial actions. Furthermore, the submission of these reports could be used against us by competitors and cause customers to delay purchase decisions or cancel orders, which would harm our reputation.

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We are subject to stringent privacy and, information security laws and regulations and changes in such laws and regulations could adversely affect our business.

We are subject to numerous state, federal and foreign laws and regulations that govern the collection, transmission, storage, dissemination, use, privacy, confidentiality, security, availability, integrity and other processing of individually identifiable information. The legislative and regulatory landscape for privacy and data protection continues to evolve in jurisdictions worldwide, and there has been an increasing focus on privacy and data protection issues with the potential to affect our business. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could result in enforcement actions against us, including fines, imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

There is ongoing concern from privacy advocates, regulators and others regarding data privacy and security issues, and the number of jurisdictions with data privacy and security laws has been increasing. Also, there are ongoing public policy debates regarding whether the standards for de-identification, anonymization or pseudonymization of health information are sufficient, and the risk of re-identification sufficiently small, to adequately protect patient privacy. In particular, there are numerous U.S. federal and state laws and regulations related to the privacy and security of personal information. These laws and regulations include HIPAA, which establishes a set of national privacy and security standards for the protection of protected health information (“PHI”) by health plans, healthcare clearinghouses and certain healthcare providers, referred to as covered entities, and the business associates with whom such covered entities contract for services as well as their covered subcontractors. HIPAA requires covered entities and business associates to develop and maintain policies and procedures with respect to PHI that is used or disclosed, including the adoption of administrative, physical and technical safeguards to protect such information and ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic PHI. For instance, we offer private cloud-based software to help medical personnel and laboratories more efficiently use our products. The software maintains security safeguards that are designed to be consistent with HIPAA, but we cannot guarantee that these safeguards will not fail or that they will not be deemed inadequate in the future. In addition, we could be subject to periodic audits for compliance with the HIPAA Privacy and Security Standards by the HHS and our customers. HIPAA also implemented the use of standard transaction code sets and standard identifiers that covered entities must use when submitting or receiving certain electronic healthcare transactions, including activities associated with the billing and collection of healthcare claims. The United States Office of Civil Rights may impose penalties for HIPAA violations. Penalties will vary significantly depending on factors such as the date of the violation, whether the covered entity knew or should have known of the failure to comply, or whether the covered entity’s failure to comply was due to willful neglect. These penalties include civil monetary penalties per violation, up to an annual cap. However, a single breach incident can result in violations of multiple standards. A person who knowingly obtains or discloses individually identifiable health information in violation of HIPAA may face a criminal penalty and imprisonment up to one year. The criminal penalties are greater and up to five years’ imprisonment if the wrongful conduct involves false pretenses, and even higher and up to 10 years’ imprisonment if the wrongful conduct involves the intent to sell, transfer or use identifiable health information for commercial advantage, personal gain or malicious harm. HIPAA also authorizes state attorneys general to file suit on behalf of their residents. Courts may award damages, costs and attorneys’ fees related to violations of HIPAA in such cases. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action allowing individuals to sue us in civil court for violations of HIPAA, its standards have been used as the basis for duty of care in state civil suits such as those for negligence or recklessness in the misuse or breach of PHI. Furthermore, in the event of a breach as defined by HIPAA, the covered entity has specific reporting requirements under HIPAA. In the event of a significant breach, the reporting requirements could include notification to the general public. Enforcement activity can result in reputational harm, and responses to such enforcement activity can consume significant internal resources. Additionally, if we are unable to properly protect the privacy and security of PHI, we could

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be found to have breached our contracts. Determining whether PHI has been handled in compliance with applicable privacy standards and our contractual obligations can be complex, and we cannot be sure how these regulations will be interpreted, enforced or applied to our operations.

In addition, many states in which we operate have laws that protect the privacy and security of sensitive and personal information. Certain state laws may be more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to sensitive and personal information than federal, international or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, which may complicate compliance efforts. For example, the CCPA, which increases privacy rights for California residents and imposes stringent data privacy and security obligations on companies that process their personal information, came into effect on January 1, 2020. Among other things, the CCPA requires covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers and provide such consumers new data protection and privacy rights, including the ability to opt out of certain sales of personal information and imposes new operational requirements for covered businesses. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. This private right of action may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. On November 3, 2020, California voters approved a new privacy law, the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”), which significantly modifies the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain personal information and creating a new state agency to oversee implementation and enforcement efforts. Many of the CPRA’s provisions will become effective on January 1, 2023. In addition, new legislation or constitutional amendments proposed or enacted in various states impose, or have the potential to impose, additional obligations on companies that collect, store, use, retain, disclose, transfer and otherwise process confidential, sensitive and personal information, and will continue to shape the data privacy environment nationally. For example, Virginia enacted the Consumer Data Privacy Act (the “CDPA”), which has general similarities to the CPRA and goes into effect on January 1, 2023. State laws are changing rapidly and there is discussion in the U.S. Congress of a new federal data protection and privacy law to which we would become subject if it is enacted. All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time, may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, divert resources from other initiatives and projects, and could restrict the way products and services involving data are offered, all of which may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Outside of the United States, laws, regulations and standards in many jurisdictions, including data localization and storage requirements, apply broadly to the collection, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal information, which impose significant compliance obligations. For example, in the EU and the European Economic Area (the “EEA”), the collection, use and other processing of personal data, is governed by the GDPR, which became effective in May 2018. The GDPR greatly increased the European Commission’s jurisdictional reach of its laws and imposed more stringent data privacy and security requirements on companies in relation to the processing of personal data of EU data subjects, including, for example, requirements to establish a legal basis for processing, higher standards for obtaining consent from individuals to process their personal data, including sensitive data such as health or genomic information, more robust disclosures to individuals and a strengthened individual data rights regime, requirements to implement safeguards to protect the security and confidentiality of personal data that requires the adoption of administrative, physical and technical safeguards, shortened timelines for data breach notifications to appropriate data protection authorities or data subjects, limitations on retention and secondary use of information, increased requirements pertaining to health data and additional obligations when we contract third-party processors in connection with the processing of the personal data. EU and EEA member states are tasked under the GDPR to enact, and have enacted, certain implementing legislation that adds to and/or further interprets the GDPR requirements and potentially extends our obligations and potential liability for failing to meet such obligations. The GDPR, together with national legislation, regulations and guidelines of the EU and

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EEA member states governing the processing of personal data, impose strict obligations and restrictions on the ability to collect, use, retain, protect, disclose, transfer and otherwise process personal data. In particular, the GDPR includes obligations and restrictions concerning the consent and rights of individuals to whom the personal data relates, the transfer of personal data out of the EEA, security breach notifications and the security and confidentiality of personal data. The GDPR authorizes fines for certain violations of up to 4% of global annual revenue or €20 million, whichever is greater, and other administrative penalties.

Further, the exit of the United Kingdom (the “UK”) from the EU, often referred to as Brexit, has created uncertainty with regard to data protection regulation in the UK. Specifically, the UK exited the EU on January 1, 2020, subject to a transition period that ended December 31, 2020. The UK has transposed the GDPR into domestic law, with its version of the GDPR that took effect on January 1, 2021, which could expose us to two parallel regimes, each of which potentially authorizes similar fines for certain violations. In Switzerland, the collection and processing of personal data is governed by the Swiss Federal Act on Data Protection (the “FADP”). The revised FADP is expected to enter into force in 2022. The FADP provides for data protection principles that are substantially similar to those applied under the GDPR, and the FADP also applies to collection and processing of personal data outside of Switzerland. While the current FADP authorizes certain criminal fines of up to CHF 10,000, the revised FADP will authorize criminal fines for certain violations of up to CHF 250,000. Such fines are mainly imposed upon the individual responsible for the violation. However, the revised FADP also authorizes fines of up to CHF 50,000 on the responsible data controller or processor. Fines under the FADP may be imposed in addition to fines under other data protection regimes. For more information on the FADP, see “Business—Government Regulation—Data Privacy and Security—General Data Protection Regulation and Other Foreign Laws and Regulations.”

Although there are legal mechanisms to allow for the transfer of personal data from the EEA, Switzerland and the UK to the United States, uncertainty remains about such mechanisms. For example, legal challenges in the EU and EEA to the mechanisms that allow companies to transfer personal data from the EU and EEA to the United States could result in further limitations on the ability to transfer personal data across borders, particularly if governments are unable or unwilling to reach new or maintain existing agreements that support cross-border data transfers. Specifically, on July 16, 2020, in a case known as Schrems II, the Court of Justice of the European Union, invalidated the European Commission’s Decision 2016/1250 on the adequacy of the protection provided by the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield. Although we rely on the primary alternatives to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield, namely, the European Commission’s Standard Contractual Clauses, for cross-border data transfers from the EU to the United States and other jurisdictions, Schrems II also raised questions about whether the Standard Contractual Clauses can lawfully be used for such data transfers. Use of the Standard Contractual Clauses must now be assessed on a case-by-case basis taking into account the legal regime applicable in the destination country, in particular regarding applicable surveillance laws and relevant rights of individuals with respect to the transferred data. At present, there are few, if any, viable alternatives to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield and the Standard Contractual Clauses. Inability to transfer personal data from the EU, EEA, Switzerland or the UK to the United States may restrict our research and development activities in these territories and limit our ability to offer products and services we may develop. Similar restrictions of cross-border data transfer apply to Switzerland, where the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (the “FDPIC”) considers that the CH-U.S. Privacy Shield does not provide an adequate level of data protection.

We expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws and regulations concerning data privacy and security, and we cannot yet determine the impact such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. New laws, amendments to or reinterpretations of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations may require us to incur additional costs and restrict our business operations. Because the interpretation and application of health-related and data protection laws, regulations, standards and other

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obligations are still uncertain, and often contradictory and in flux, it is possible that the scope and requirements of these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices and our efforts to comply with the evolving data protection rules may be unsuccessful. If so, this could result in government-imposed fines or orders requiring that we change our practices, which could adversely affect our business. In addition, these privacy regulations may differ from country to country, and may vary based on whether testing is performed in the United States or in the local country, and our operations or business practices may not comply with these regulations in each country.

In addition to the possibility of fines, sanctions, lawsuits, regulatory investigations, public censure, other claims and penalties, and significant costs for remediation and damage to our reputation, we could be materially and adversely affected if legislation or regulations are expanded to require changes in our data processing practices and policies or if governing jurisdictions interpret or implement their legislation or regulations in ways that negatively impact our business. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business. Any inability to adequately address data privacy or security-related concerns, even if unfounded, or to comply with applicable laws, regulations, standards and other obligations relating to data privacy and security, could result in additional cost and liability to us, harm our reputation and brand, damage our relationships with customers and have a material and adverse impact on our business.

Any failure to comply with our privacy policies or contractual or statutory notification obligations could result in significant liability or reputational harm.

We make public statements about our use and disclosure of personal information through our privacy policy, information provided on our internet platform and press statements. Although we endeavor to comply with our public statements and documentation, we may be alleged to have failed to do so. The publication of our privacy policy and other statements that provide promises and assurances about data privacy and security can subject us to potential government or legal action if they are found to be deceptive, unlawful, unfair or misrepresentative of our actual practices. Any failure, real or perceived, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any legal or regulatory requirements, standards, certifications or orders or other privacy or consumer protection-related laws and regulations applicable to us could cause our customers to reduce their use of our products and services and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In many jurisdictions, enforcement actions and consequences for noncompliance can be significant and are rising. In addition, from time to time, concerns may be expressed about whether our products, services or processes compromise the privacy of customers and others. Concerns about our practices with regard to the collection, use and reuse, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal information or other privacy-related or security-related matters, even if unfounded, could damage our reputation and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Many statutory requirements, both in the United States and abroad, include obligations for companies to notify individuals of security breaches involving certain personal information, which could result from breaches experienced by us or our third-party service providers. For example, laws in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia require businesses to provide notice to consumers whose personal information has been disclosed as a result of a data breach. These laws are not consistent, and compliance in the event of a widespread data breach is difficult and may be costly. Moreover, states have been frequently amending existing laws, requiring attention to changing regulatory requirements. We also may be contractually required to notify customers or other counterparties of a security breach. Although we may have contractual protections with our third-party service providers, contractors and consultants, any actual or perceived security breach could harm our reputation and brand, expose us to potential liability or require us to expend significant resources on data security and in responding to any such actual or perceived breach. Any contractual protections we may have

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from our third-party service providers, contractors or consultants may not be sufficient to adequately protect us from any such liabilities and losses, and we may be unable to enforce any such contractual protections.

Our operations may subject us to various healthcare laws and regulations and could face substantial penalties if we are unable to fully comply with such laws.

Our operations may subject us to health care regulation and enforcement by both the federal government and the states and foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. Various federal and state laws, as well as the laws of foreign countries, prohibit payments to induce the referral, purchase, order or use of healthcare products or services and require medical device companies to limit, prevent, and/or monitor and report certain payments to third-party payors, healthcare professionals and other individuals. These healthcare fraud and abuse anti-kickback, public reporting and aggregate spend laws affect our sales, marketing and other promotional activities by limiting the kinds of financial arrangements, including sales programs, we may have with providers, hospitals, medical personnel or other potential purchasers or users, including patients, of medical devices and services. They also impose additional administrative and compliance burdens on us. In particular, these laws influence, among other things, how we structure our sales offerings, including discount practices, customer support, education and training programs, and physician consulting and other service arrangements. These laws prohibit certain marketing initiatives that are commonplace in other industries. If we were to offer or pay inappropriate inducements for the purchase, order or use of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services or our services, or our arrangements are perceived as inappropriate inducements, we could be subject to claims under various healthcare fraud and abuse laws. Restrictions under applicable U.S. federal and state healthcare laws and regulations include the following:

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Further, the ACA, among other things, amended the intent requirement of the federal AKS and certain criminal healthcare fraud statutes. Where the intent requirement has been lowered, a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. In addition, the government may now assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AKS constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the false claims statutes. Moreover, these laws may change significantly and adversely in the future.

Any action brought against us for violation of these laws or regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws and regulations, we may be subject to any applicable penalty associated with the violation, including, among others, significant administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, imprisonment, integrity oversight and reporting obligations, and exclusion from participation in government-funded healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Additionally, we could be required to refund payments received by us, and we could be required to curtail or cease our operations. Any of the foregoing consequences could seriously harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our employees, collaborators, distributors, agents, contractors and collaborators may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.

We cannot ensure that our compliance controls, policies and procedures will in every instance protect us from acts committed by our employees, collaborators, distributors, agents, contractors or collaborators that would violate the laws or regulations of the jurisdictions in which we operate, including, without limitation, healthcare, employment, anti-corruption, environmental, competition, and patient privacy and other privacy laws and regulations. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional failures to comply with FDA, EMA or other applicable regulations, including, without limitation, regulations governing the marketing, sale, labeling and use of RUO and IVD products, provide accurate information to the FDA, the EMA and comparable regulatory authorities, comply with healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations in the United States and abroad, report financial information or data accurately or disclose unauthorized activities to us. Such improper actions could subject us to civil, criminal and regulatory investigations, monetary and injunctive penalties, regulatory enforcement actions, fines and penalties, including regulatory prohibitions on offering our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services in one or more countries or markets, and could adversely impact our ability to conduct business, operating results and reputation.

In addition, we are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and similar anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws, regulations or rules of other countries in which we operate, including the UK Bribery Act 2010 and the French Law n° 2016-1691 (Sapin II). The FCPA generally prohibits offering, promising, giving, or authorizing others to give anything of value, either directly or indirectly, to a non-U.S. government official in order to influence official action, or otherwise obtain or retain business. The FCPA also requires public companies to make and keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the

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corporation and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Our business is heavily regulated and therefore involves significant interaction with public officials, including officials of non-U.S. governments, government purchasers and healthcare providers who are employed by governments. There is no certainty that all of our employees, collaborators, distributors, agents, contractors and collaborators, or those of our affiliates, will comply with all applicable laws and regulations, particularly given the high level of complexity of these laws. We have provisions in our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”), an anti-corruption policy, certain provisions in some of our agreements with third parties, including our collaborators and distributors, and certain controls and procedures in place that are designed to mitigate the risk of noncompliance with anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws. However, it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by employees and agents, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from government investigations or other actions stemming from a failure to comply with these laws or regulations. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in, among other things, significant administrative, civil and criminal fines and sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees, the closing down of our facilities, exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs, implementation of compliance programs, integrity oversight and reporting obligations and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Any such violations could include prohibitions on our ability to offer our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services in one or more countries and could materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, and our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.

We face risks related to handling of hazardous materials and other regulations governing environmental safety.

Our activities currently require and may in the future continue to require the use of hazardous chemicals and biohazardous waste, including chemical, biological agents and compounds, blood and bone marrow samples, and other human tissue. We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury to employees or third parties from the use, storage, handling or disposal of these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for any resulting damages, and any liability could exceed our resources or any applicable insurance coverage we may have. Additionally, we are subject on an ongoing basis to laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste services that both public officials and private individuals may seek to enforce. We could discover that we, an acquired business or our suppliers are not in material compliance with these regulations. The cost of compliance with these laws and regulations may become significant and could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We do not carry specific biological waste or hazardous waste insurance coverage, workers’ compensation or property and casualty and general liability insurance policies that include coverage for damages and fines arising from biological or hazardous waste exposure or contamination.

If a clinical trial subject’s or a clinical research study participant’s informed consent is challenged or proven invalid, unlawful, or otherwise inadequate for our purposes, our product development efforts may be hindered and we could become involved in legal challenges.

We seek to ensure that all data and biological samples that we receive from our collaborators and customers have been collected from subjects or participants who have provided appropriate informed consent for purposes that extend to our development activities. We also strive to make sure such data and samples are provided to us in a subject de-identified manner. Our collaborators currently conduct clinical trials and clinical research studies in a number of different countries. The collection of data and samples in many different countries results in complex legal questions regarding the adequacy of informed consent and the status of genomic material under a large number of different legal systems. Therefore, we rely on our collaborators and customers to comply with the informed consent requirements and with applicable local law and international

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regulation. The subject’s or participant’s informed consent obtained in any particular country could be challenged in the future, and those could prove invalid, unlawful or otherwise inadequate for our purposes. Any findings against us, or our collaborators and customers, could deny us access to or force us to stop using some of our data and clinical samples, which would hinder our product development efforts, potentially involve us in costly and prolonged litigation, result in reputational harm and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Healthcare reform measures could hinder or prevent the commercial success of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services.

In the United States and some foreign jurisdictions, there have been, and we expect there will continue to be, a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the healthcare system to contain costs, improve quality, and expand access to care, any of which may harm our future revenues and profitability and the demand for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services. In the United States, federal and state lawmakers regularly propose and, at times, enact legislation that would result in significant changes to the healthcare system, some of which are intended to contain or reduce the costs of medical products and services. Current and future legislative proposals to further reform healthcare or reduce healthcare costs may limit coverage of, or lower reimbursement for, the procedures associated with the use of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services.

For example, the ACA contains a number of provisions, including those governing enrollment in federal healthcare programs, reimbursement changes and fraud and abuse measures, all of which will impact existing government healthcare programs and will result in the development of new programs. There have been executive and judicial challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, as well as efforts to repeal, replace or alter the implementation of certain aspects of the ACA. For example, on June 17, 2021 the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed a challenge on procedural grounds that argued the ACA is unconstitutional in its entirety because the “individual mandate” was repealed by the U.S. Congress. Thus, the ACA will remain in effect in its current form. Further, the Biden administration has taken executive action relating to the ACA and access to healthcare. It is possible that the ACA will be subject to judicial or congressional challenges in the future. It is unclear how any such challenges as well as the healthcare reform measures of the current U.S. presidential administration will affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, other legislative changes have been adopted since the ACA was enacted. For example, the Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, included reductions to CMS payments to providers of 2% per fiscal year, which went into effect on April 1, 2013 and, due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect through 2030 unless additional congressional action is taken, with the exception of a temporary suspension of the 2% cut in Medicare payments from May 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021. Additionally, the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, among other things, reduced CMS payments to several providers, including hospitals, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover Medicare overpayments to providers from three to five years.

We expect that additional foreign and U.S. state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future. The impact of those changes on us and potential effect on our industry as a whole is currently unknown, as we cannot predict what healthcare programs and regulations will ultimately be implemented or the effect of any future legislation or regulation on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we or our suppliers fail to comply with ongoing FDA or comparable regulatory authority requirements, or if we experience unanticipated problems with our research and diagnostic, they could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.

Any medical device that we manufacture, including those for which we obtain regulatory clearance or approval, and the manufacturing processes, reporting requirements, post-approval clinical data and promotional

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activities for such diagnostic test, will be subject to continued regulatory review, oversight and periodic inspections by the FDA and comparable regulatory authorities. In particular, we and our suppliers may be required to comply with the FDA’s QSR for medical devices, the International Standards Organization (“ISO”) 13485 standards for the manufacture of our diagnostic products and other regulations that cover the methods and documentation of the design, testing, production, control, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, storage and shipping of any diagnostic test for which we obtain clearance or approval. Regulatory authorities enforce the QSR and other regulations through periodic inspections. The failure by us or one of our suppliers to comply with applicable statutes and regulations administered by the FDA and comparable regulatory authorities, or the failure to timely and adequately respond to any adverse inspectional observations or product safety issues, could result in, among other things, one or more of the following enforcement actions:

In addition, we are required to conduct surveillance to monitor the safety or effectiveness of our research and diagnostic products, and we must comply with medical device reporting requirements, including the reporting of adverse events and malfunctions related to our research and diagnostic products. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with our diagnostic products, including unanticipated adverse events or adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, manufacturing problems, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements such as QSR, may result in changes to labeling restrictions on such products or manufacturing processes, withdrawal of the research and diagnostic products from the market, voluntary or mandatory recalls, a requirement to repair, replace or refund the cost of any medical device we manufacture or distribute, fines, suspension of regulatory approvals, product seizures, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties, which would adversely affect our business, operating results and prospects.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If we are not able to obtain, maintain, defend or enforce patent and other intellectual property protection or if the scope of the patent and other intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize products, services and technology similar or identical to ours.

Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain, maintain, defend and enforce patents and other forms of intellectual property rights, including in-licenses of intellectual property rights of others, as well as our ability to preserve our trade secrets and to prevent third parties from infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating our intellectual property and proprietary rights. Our ability to protect our products or services from unauthorized use by third parties depends on the extent to which valid and enforceable patents cover them or

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they are effectively protected as trade secrets. Although we have filed a number of patents, our patent portfolio is in an earlier stage of prosecution, and we own a limited number of issued patents related to our products and technology. For information regarding our patent portfolio, please see “Business—Intellectual Property.”

The patent position of biotechnology and information technology companies generally is highly uncertain, involves complex legal and factual questions, and has been the subject of much litigation in recent years. As a result, the issuance, scope, validity, enforceability, and commercial value of our patent rights are highly uncertain. There can be no assurance that our patent rights will not be invalidated or held to be unenforceable, will adequately protect our technology, products or services or provide any competitive advantage, or that any of our pending or future patent applications will issue as valid and enforceable patents. Our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for our methods and related solutions, products or services is uncertain due to a number of factors, including that:

While we will endeavor to protect our technology with intellectual property rights such as patents, as appropriate, the process of obtaining patents is time-consuming, expensive and sometimes unpredictable, and

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we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce, or license all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. Although we enter into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to confidential or patentable aspects of our research and development output, such as our employees, corporate collaborators, outside scientific collaborators, contract research organizations or manufacturers, consultants, advisors and other third parties, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose such output before a patent application is filed, thereby jeopardizing our ability to seek patent protection. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee that any patents will be issued from any of our pending or future patent applications. The standards applied by the USPTO and foreign patent offices in granting patents are not always applied uniformly or predictably. For example, there is no uniform worldwide policy regarding patentable subject matter or the scope of claims allowable in biotechnology or information technology patents. Moreover, the coverage claimed in a patent application can be significantly reduced before the patent is issued, and its scope can be reinterpreted after issuance. As such, we do not know the degree of future protection that we will have on our proprietary products, services and technology. Thus, even if our patent applications issue as patents, they may not issue in a form that will provide us with meaningful protection, prevent competitors from competing with us or otherwise provide us with any competitive advantage.

Even if we have or obtain patents, we may still be barred from making, using and selling such methods, products, or services because of the patent rights of others. Others may have filed, and in the future may file, patent applications covering compositions, products or methods that are similar or identical to ours, which could materially affect our ability to successfully develop our technology or to successfully commercialize any approved assays alone or with collaborators. Patent applications in the United States and elsewhere are generally published approximately 18 months after the earliest filing for which priority is claimed, with such earliest filing date being commonly referred to as the priority date. Therefore, patent applications could have been filed by others without our knowledge. Additionally, pending claims in patent applications which have been published can, subject to certain limitations, be later amended in a manner that could cover our platform technologies or related solutions, products and services. These patent applications may have priority over patent applications filed by us.

The issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its inventorship, scope, validity or enforceability, and our owned and licensed patents may be challenged in the courts or patent offices in the United States and abroad. We may be subject to third party pre-issuance submissions of prior art to the USPTO, or become involved in opposition, derivation, revocation, reexamination, post-grant and inter partes review, or interference proceedings challenging our patent rights. An adverse determination in any such submission, proceeding or litigation could reduce the scope of, or invalidate, our patent rights, allow third parties to commercialize our products, services and technology and compete directly with us, without payment to us, or result in our inability to manufacture or commercialize products or provide services without infringing third-party patent rights. Moreover, we, or our licensors, may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the USPTO to determine priority of invention or in post-grant challenge proceedings, such as oppositions in a foreign patent office, that challenge priority of invention or other features of patentability. Such challenges may result in loss of patent rights, loss of exclusivity or freedom to operate or in patent claims being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable, in whole or in part, which could limit our ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical products, services and technology, or limit the duration of the patent protection of our products, services and technology. Such proceedings also may result in substantial cost and require significant time from our employees and management, even if the eventual outcome is favorable to us. In addition, if the breadth or strength of protection provided by the patents and patent applications we own or in-license is threatened, it could dissuade companies from collaborating with us to license, develop or commercialize current or future technology.

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In addition, third parties may be able to develop technology that is similar to, or better than, ours in a way that is not covered by the claims of our patents or may have blocking patents that could prevent us from marketing our products or practicing our own patented technology. Moreover, patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years after it is filed and the life of a patent, and the protection it affords, is limited. Without patent protection for current or future methods and related solutions, products and services, we may face competing technology. Given the amount of time required for the development and testing, and regulatory review where necessary, patents protecting such technology might expire before or shortly after such technology is commercialized. At the same time, given the rapid pace of technological advancement and innovation in the information technology field, the time needed to obtain patents for novel information technology solutions often renders the protection, once obtained, ineffective if the protected solution has become obsolete or widely-adopted while the patent protection was pending. As a result, our patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing technology similar or identical to that we or our collaborators may develop.

Moreover, certain of our patents and patent applications may in the future be, co-owned with third parties. If we are unable to obtain an exclusive license to any such third party co-owners’ interest in such patents or patent applications, such co-owners may be able to use or license their rights to other third parties, including our competitors, and our competitors could market competing products and technology. In addition, we may need the cooperation of any such co-owners of our patents in order to enforce such patents against third parties, and such cooperation may not be provided to us. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations, and prospects.

We may in the future be involved in lawsuits to defend or enforce our patents and proprietary rights. Such disputes could result in substantial costs or loss of productivity, delay or prevent the development and commercialization of our technology, products and services, prohibit our use of proprietary technology or put our patents and other proprietary rights at risk.

Competitors and other third parties may infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate our patents and intellectual property rights or the patents and intellectual property rights of our licensors. The enforcement of such claims can be expensive and time-consuming. In an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent owned or in-licensed by us is invalid or unenforceable or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our owned and in-licensed patents do not cover the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation proceeding could put one or more of our owned or in-licensed patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly. In addition, our ability to enforce our patent or other intellectual property rights depends on our ability to detect infringement. It may be difficult to detect infringers who do not advertise the components or methods that are used in connection with their products and services. Moreover, it may be difficult or impossible to obtain evidence of infringement in a competitor’s or potential competitor’s product or service.

If we were to initiate legal proceedings against any other third party to enforce a patent covering our technology, the defendant could assert that our patent is invalid or unenforceable. In patent litigation in the United States and Europe, defendants alleging invalidity or unenforceability are common. Grounds for a validity challenge could be an alleged failure to meet any of several statutory requirements, for example, lack of novelty, obviousness, lack of written description or non-enablement. Third parties might allege unenforceability of our patents because during prosecution of the patent an individual connected with such prosecution withheld relevant information or made a misleading statement. Third parties may also raise challenges to the validity of our patent claims before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation. Such mechanisms include reexamination, post-grant review, inter partes review, interference proceedings, derivation proceedings and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (e.g., opposition proceedings). Such proceedings could result in the revocation of, cancellation of, or amendment to, our patents

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in such a way that they no longer cover our technology or products. The outcome of proceedings involving assertions of invalidity and unenforceability, including during patent litigation, is unpredictable. With respect to the validity of patents, for example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art of which we and the patent examiner were unaware during prosecution, but that an adverse third party may identify and submit in support of such assertions of invalidity. If a defendant were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity or unenforceability, we would lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patent protection on our technology. Such a loss of patent protection could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our patents and other intellectual property rights also will not protect our technology if competitors design around our protected technology without infringing our patents or other intellectual property rights.

Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our personnel from their normal responsibilities. There can be no assurance that we will have sufficient financial or other resources to file and pursue infringement claims, which typically last for years before they are concluded. We may or may not choose to pursue litigation or other actions against those that have infringed on our patents, or have used them without authorization, due to the associated expense and time commitment of monitoring these activities. In addition, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. There could also be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions, or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a material adverse effect on the price of our ordinary shares. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or commercialization activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately. Uncertainties resulting from patent and other intellectual property litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace, our ability to raise additional funds, and could otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may in the future be subject to claims against us alleging that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of third parties, the outcome of which would be uncertain and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our commercial success depends in part upon our ability to develop, manufacture, market and sell our products and services and use our proprietary technology without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the patents or other intellectual property or proprietary rights of third parties. Litigation relating to infringement, misappropriation or other violations of patents and other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology industry is common, including patent infringement lawsuits, trade secret lawsuits, interferences, oppositions, and inter partes review, post-grant review and reexamination proceedings before the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), and corresponding international patent offices.

In the future, we may be subject to third-party claims and similar adversarial proceedings or litigation regarding any infringement, misappropriation or other violation by us of patent or other intellectual property rights of third parties. If any such claim or proceeding is brought against us, our collaborators or our third-party service providers, our development, manufacturing, marketing, sales and other commercialization activities could be similarly adversely affected. Even if we believe third-party intellectual property claims are without merit, there is no assurance that a court would find in our favor on questions of infringement, validity, enforceability or priority. A court of competent jurisdiction could hold that third-party patents asserted against us are valid, enforceable and infringed, which could materially and adversely affect our ability to develop, manufacture, market, sell and commercialize any of our products or services. In order to successfully challenge the validity of any such U.S. patent in federal court, we would need to overcome a presumption of validity. As

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this burden is a high one requiring us to present clear and convincing evidence as to the invalidity of any such U.S. patent claim, there is no assurance that a court of competent jurisdiction would invalidate the claims of any such U.S. patent. If we are found to infringe any third party’s patents or other intellectual property rights, and we are unsuccessful in demonstrating that such patents or other intellectual property are invalid or unenforceable, we could be required to obtain a license from such third party to continue developing, manufacturing, marketing, selling and commercializing our products and services. However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, it could be nonexclusive, which would give our competitors and other third parties access to the same technologies licensed to us, and it could require us to make substantial licensing, royalty and other payments. We also could be forced, including by court order, to cease developing, manufacturing, marketing, selling and commercializing the infringing product or technology. In addition, we could be found liable for significant monetary damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent or other intellectual property right. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could have a similar material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The various markets in which we plan to operate are subject to frequent and extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. It is possible that one or more organizations will hold patent rights to which we will need a license. If those organizations refuse to grant us a license to such patent rights on reasonable terms, we may be unable to develop, manufacture, market, sell and commercialize products or services or perform research and development or other activities covered by these patents. Some claimants may have substantially greater resources than we do and may be able to sustain the costs of complex intellectual property litigation to a greater degree and for longer periods of time than we could. In addition, many companies in intellectual property-dependent industries, including the biotechnology industry, have employed intellectual property litigation as a means to gain an advantage over their competitors. Furthermore, patent holding companies that focus solely on extracting royalties and settlements by enforcing patent rights may target us. As the biotechnology industry expands and more patents are issued, and as we gain greater visibility and market exposure as a public company, the risk increases that our products, services and technology may be subject to intellectual property-related claims by third parties.

Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, intellectual property litigation, regardless of its outcome, may cause negative publicity, adversely impact prospective customers, cause product shipment delays or prohibit us from manufacturing, marketing, selling or otherwise commercializing our products, services and technology. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. There could also be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions, or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a material adverse effect on the price of our ordinary shares. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or commercialization activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to conduct such litigation or proceedings adequately. Uncertainties resulting from patent and other intellectual property litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace, our ability to raise additional funds, and could otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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We license patent rights from third-party owners. If such owners do not properly or successfully obtain, maintain or enforce the patents underlying such licenses, or if they retain or license to others any competing rights, our competitive position and business prospects may be adversely affected. If we fail to comply with our obligations in the agreements under which we license intellectual property rights from third parties or otherwise experience disruptions to our relationships with our licensor, we could lose license rights that are important to our business.

Even though we actively file patent applications, we also rely on intellectual property rights licensed from third parties to protect our technology, including licenses that give us rights to third-party intellectual property that is necessary or useful for our business. For example, we are dependent on licenses from Normandie Valorisation for certain products we commercialize. If one or both of our license agreements with Normandie Valorisation were to terminate for any reason, we may be required to cease the manufacturing, marketing, selling and commercialization of certain products. For more information regarding these license agreements, please see “Business—License Agreements.”

We also may license additional third-party intellectual property in the future. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensors to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce patent protection for our licensed intellectual property, in particular, those patents to which we have secured exclusive rights. These licenses, and other licenses we may enter into in the future, may not provide adequate rights to use such intellectual property and proprietary technologies in all relevant fields of use or in all territories in which we may wish to develop or commercialize technology, products and services in the future. In some cases, patent prosecution of our licensed technology is controlled by the licensor. Therefore, we cannot be certain that these patents and patent applications will be prepared, filed, prosecuted, and maintained in a manner consistent with the best interests of our business. For example, under our license agreements with Normandie Valorisation, Normandie Valorisation controls the prosecution, maintenance and defense of the patents licensed to us pursuant to the agreements. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute the patent applications licensed to us, by failing to draft or prosecute the patents and patent applications licensed to us in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, which may affect the validity and enforceability of such patents or any patents that may issue from such applications. Even if patents issue or are granted, our licensors may fail to maintain these patents, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing these patents, or may pursue litigation less aggressively than we would. Further, we may not obtain exclusive rights, which would allow for third parties to develop competing products. In addition, our licensors may have relied on third-party consultants or collaborators or on funds from third parties such that our licensors are not the sole and exclusive owners of the patents we in-licensed. If our licensors fail to obtain and maintain a patent or other protection for the proprietary intellectual property we license from such licensor, we could lose our rights to such intellectual property or the exclusivity of such rights, and our competitors could market competing technology using such intellectual property. In that event, we may be required to expend significant time and resources to develop or license replacement technology. If we are unable to do so, we or our collaborators may be unable to develop or commercialize the affected technology, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects.

Our existing license agreements impose, and we expect that future license agreements will impose, various development, commercialization, royalty, diligence, patent prosecution and enforcement, and other obligations on us. If we breach any of these obligations, we may be required to pay damages and the licensor may have the right to terminate the license, which could result in our being unable to commercialize related solutions, products or services that are covered by these agreements, which could materially adversely affect the value of any such technology and our business. In spite of our efforts, our licensors might conclude that we have breached our obligations under such license agreements, and might therefore terminate the license agreements. Termination of these agreements or reduction or elimination of our rights under these agreements

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may result in our having to negotiate new or reinstated agreements with less favorable terms, or cause us to lose our rights under these agreements, including our rights to important intellectual property or technology. In addition, while we cannot currently determine the amount of the royalty obligations we would be required to pay on sales of future products, if any, the amounts may be significant. The amount of our future royalty obligations will depend on the technology and intellectual property we use in the products and services that we successfully develop and commercialize, if any. Therefore, even if we successfully develop and commercialize products and services, we may be unable to achieve or maintain profitability.

In addition, disputes may arise under our license agreements, including regarding the payment of the royalties or other payments due to licensors in connection with our exploitation of the rights we license from them. For example, licensors may contest the basis of royalties we retained and claim that we are obligated to make payments under a broader basis. In addition to the costs of any litigation we may face as a result, any legal action against us could increase our payment obligations under the respective agreement and require us to pay interest and potentially damages to such licensors.

Disputes may arise regarding intellectual property subject to a license agreement, including those relating to:

The agreements under which we currently license intellectual property or technology from third parties are complex, and certain provisions in such agreements may be susceptible to multiple interpretations. The resolution of any contract interpretation disagreement that may arise could narrow what we believe to be the scope of our rights to the relevant intellectual property or technology or increase what we believe to be our financial or other obligations under the relevant agreement. Such disputes may be costly to resolve and may divert management’s attention away from day-to-day activities. If disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed from third parties prevent or impair our ability to maintain our licensing arrangements on acceptable terms, we or our collaborators may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected technology, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment, and other requirements imposed by government patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for noncompliance with these requirements.

Obtaining and maintaining a patent portfolio entails significant expense, including periodic maintenance fees, renewal fees, annuity fees and various other governmental fees on patents and patent applications, which must be paid to the USPTO and various government patent agencies outside of the United States over the lifetime of our owned or licensed patents and applications. In certain circumstances, we rely on our licensing collaborators to pay these fees due to U.S. and non-U.S. patent agencies. The USPTO and various non-U.S. government

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agencies require compliance with several procedural, documentary, fee payment, and other similar provisions during the patent application process. We are also dependent on our licensors to take the necessary action to comply with these requirements with respect to our licensed intellectual property. We may or may not choose to pursue or maintain protection for particular intellectual property in our portfolio. If we choose to forgo patent protection or to allow a patent application or patent to lapse purposefully or inadvertently, our competitive position could suffer. Furthermore, we employ reputable law firms and other professionals to help us comply with the various procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions we are subject to and, in many cases, an inadvertent lapse can be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules. There are situations, however, in which failure to make certain payments or noncompliance with certain requirements in the patent process can result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application, resulting in a partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. In such an event, our competitors might be able to enter the market, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may not be successful in obtaining necessary rights to any products or services we may develop through acquisitions and in-licenses.

We currently have rights to intellectual property, through licenses from third parties, to identify and develop certain products, services and technology. Many pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and academic institutions are competing with us and filing patent applications potentially relevant to our business. In order to avoid infringing these third-party patents, we may find it necessary or prudent to obtain licenses from such third-party intellectual property holders.

However, we may be unable to secure such licenses or otherwise acquire or in-license any compositions, methods of use, processes or other intellectual property rights from third parties that we identify as necessary for our business. The licensing or acquisition of third-party intellectual property rights is a competitive area, and several more established companies may pursue strategies to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights that we may consider attractive or necessary. These established companies may have a competitive advantage over us due to their size, capital resources and greater clinical development and commercialization capabilities. In addition, companies that perceive us to be a competitor may be unwilling to assign or license rights to us. We also may be unable to license or acquire third-party intellectual property rights on terms that would allow us to make an appropriate return on our investment or at all. If we are unable to successfully obtain rights to required third-party intellectual property rights or maintain the existing intellectual property rights we have, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We will not seek to protect our intellectual property rights in all jurisdictions throughout the world, and we may not be able to adequately enforce our intellectual property rights even in the jurisdictions where we seek protection.

Filing, prosecuting and defending patents in all countries and jurisdictions throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our intellectual property rights in some countries outside the United States could be less extensive than those in the United States, assuming that rights are obtained in the United States. In-licensing patents covering our technology in all countries throughout the world may similarly be prohibitively expensive, if such opportunities are available at all. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the United States, even in jurisdictions where we do pursue patent protection. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the United States, even in jurisdictions where we do pursue patent protection, or from selling or importing our technology in and into the United States or other jurisdictions.

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We generally apply for patents in those countries where we intend to make, have made, use or offer for sale our products or services and where we assess the risk of infringement to justify the cost of seeking patent protection. However, we may not seek protection in all countries where we will commercialize our products and services and we may not accurately predict all the countries where patent protection would ultimately be desirable. If we fail to timely file a patent application in any such country or major market, we may be precluded from doing so at a later date. Competitors may use our technology in jurisdictions where we do not pursue and obtain patent protection to develop their own assays and products and may export otherwise infringing assays and products to territories where we have patent protection, but where our ability to enforce our patent rights is not as strong as in the United States. These products and services may compete with technologies that we or our collaborators may develop, and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent such competition.

The laws of some other countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Patent protection must ultimately be sought on a country-by-country basis, which is an expensive and time-consuming process with uncertain outcomes. Accordingly, we may choose not to seek patent protection in certain countries, and we will not have the benefit of patent protection in such countries. In addition, the legal systems of some countries, particularly developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biopharmaceuticals or biotechnologies. As a result, many companies have encountered significant difficulties in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in certain jurisdictions outside the United States. Such issues may make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents, if obtained, or the misappropriation or other violation of our other intellectual property rights. For example, many other countries, including countries in the EU, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited or no benefit. In those countries, we and our licensors may have limited remedies if patents are infringed or if we or our licensors are compelled to grant a license to a third party, which could materially diminish the value of those patents and could limit our potential revenue opportunities. Accordingly, our and our licensors’ efforts to enforce intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we own or license.

Furthermore, proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, subject our patents to the risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly, subject our patent applications to the risk of not issuing or provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded to us, if any, may not be commercially meaningful, while the damages and other remedies we may be ordered to pay such third parties may be significant.

If we are unable to execute invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants or protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.

In addition to seeking patent protection for certain aspects of our technology, we also consider trade secrets, including confidential and unpatented know-how, important to the maintenance of our competitive position. We protect trade secrets and confidential and unpatented know-how, in part, by entering into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to such knowledge, such as our employees, corporate collaborators, outside scientific collaborators, contract research organizations or manufacturers, consultants, advisors and other third parties. We also enter into confidentiality and invention or patent assignment agreements with our employees and consultants that obligate them to maintain confidentiality and assign their inventions to us.

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We cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to our trade secrets or proprietary technology and processes or that the assignment agreements that have been entered into are self-executing. Despite these efforts, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose our proprietary information, including our trade secrets, or claim ownership in intellectual property that we believe is owned by us. Monitoring unauthorized uses and disclosures of our intellectual property is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property will be effective. In addition, we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, some courts in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets.

Moreover, our competitors or other third parties may independently develop knowledge, methods and know-how equivalent to our trade secrets or seek to reverse-engineer our technology for which we do not have patent protection. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor or other third parties, we would have no right to prevent them from using that technology or information to compete with us. If any of our trade secrets were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position would be harmed.

We are also subject both in the United States and outside the United States to various regulatory schemes regarding requests for the information we provide to regulatory authorities, which may include, in whole or in part, trade secrets or confidential commercial information. While we are likely to be notified in advance of any disclosure of such information and would likely object to such disclosure, there can be no assurance that our challenge to the request would be successful. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

We have in the past and may in the future be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or advisors have wrongfully used or disclosed trade secrets or other confidential information of their current or former employers or claims asserting ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property.

Many of our employees, consultants and advisors are currently or were previously employed at universities, research institutes or other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants and advisors do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we have in the past and may in the future be subject to claims that we or these individuals have used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of any such individual’s current or former employer. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.

In addition, while it is our policy to require our employees and contractors who may be involved in the conception or development of intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who, in fact, conceives or develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. The assignment of intellectual property rights may not be self-executing, or the assignment agreements may be breached, and we may be forced to bring claims against third parties, or defend claims that they may bring against us, to determine the ownership of what we regard as our intellectual property. Such claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest and our business may be adversely affected.

Our registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names may be challenged, infringed, circumvented, declared generic, cancelled or determined to be infringing on other marks. As a means to enforce our trademark rights and prevent infringement, we may be required to file trademark claims against third parties or initiate trademark opposition proceedings. This can be expensive, particularly for a company of our size, and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a trademark of ours is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the trademark at issue. We may not be able to protect our rights to these and other trademarks and trade names or may be forced to stop using these names, which we may need to build name recognition with potential collaborators or customers in our markets of interest.

Our pending trademark applications in the United States and in other foreign jurisdictions where we may file may not be allowed or may subsequently be opposed. For example, our applications to register the trademarks “SOPHIA GENETICS” and “SOPHIA DDM” in the United States are currently opposed before the USPTO in an action brought by Quidel Corporation. An adverse ruling in such proceedings could prevent us from using both names to distinguish our products and/or services in the United States. We have certain other trademark applications pending in the United States and abroad, but there can be no assurance that these applications will be allowed and not opposed. Even if these applications proceed to registration, third parties may challenge our use or registration of these trademarks in the future. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition and could require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands. Other biotechnology companies may be using trademarks that are similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to market confusion. In addition, they may infringe our trademarks and we may not have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks. If we attempt to enforce our trademarks and assert trademark infringement claims, a court may determine that the party against whom we have asserted trademark infringement has superior rights to the marks in question. In this case, we could ultimately be forced to cease use of such trademarks. Furthermore, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement claims brought by owners of other trademarks or trademarks that incorporate variations of our registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names. Failure to maintain our trademark registrations, or to obtain new trademark registrations in the future, could limit our ability to protect our trademarks and impede our marketing efforts in the countries in which we operate. Over the long term, if we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks and trade names, then we may not be able to compete effectively and our business may be adversely affected.

Our use of “open source” software could subject our proprietary software to general release, adversely affect our ability to sell our products or provide our services, and subject us to possible litigation.

A portion of the products or technologies licensed, developed or distributed by us incorporate so-called “open source” software, and we may incorporate open source software into other products or technologies in the future. Such open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses. Some open source licenses may contain requirements that we disclose source code for modifications we make to the open source software and that we license such modifications to third parties at no cost. In some circumstances, distribution of our software in connection with open source software could require that we disclose and license some or all of our proprietary code in that software as well as distribute our products that use particular open source software at no cost to the user.

We monitor our use of open source software in an effort to avoid uses in a manner that would require us to disclose or grant licenses under our proprietary source code; however, there can be no assurance that such

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efforts will be successful. Open source license terms are often ambiguous and such use could inadvertently occur. There is little legal precedent governing the interpretation of many of the terms of certain of these licenses, and the potential impact of these terms on our business may result in unanticipated obligations regarding our products and technologies.

Companies that incorporate open source software into their products have, in the past, faced claims seeking enforcement of open source license provisions and claims asserting ownership of open source software incorporated into their product. If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of an open source license, we could incur significant legal costs defending ourselves against such allegations. In the event such claims were successful, we could be subject to significant damages or be enjoined from the distribution of our products. In addition, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in certain ways, under some open source licenses we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software, which could substantially help our competitors develop products and services that are similar to or better than ours and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect their products.

Changes in either the patent laws or interpretation of the patent laws in the United States could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of patent applications and the enforcement or defense of issued patents. Assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, prior to March 2013, in the United States, the first to invent the claimed invention was entitled to a patent, while outside the United States, the first to file a patent application was entitled to the patent. After March 2013, under the Leahy Smith America Invents Act (the “America Invents Act”) enacted in September 2011, the United States transitioned to a first inventor to file system in which, assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, the first inventor to file a patent application will be entitled to the patent on an invention regardless of whether a third party was the first to invent the claimed invention. A third party that files a patent application in the USPTO after March 2013, but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before it was made by such third party. This will require us to be cognizant of the time from invention to filing of a patent application and be diligent in filing patent applications, but circumstances could prevent us from promptly filing patent applications on our inventions. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period after filing or until issuance, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors were the first to either (i) file any patent application related to our products or (ii) invent any of the inventions claimed in our or our licensor’s patents or patent applications.

The America Invents Act also includes a number of significant changes that affect the way patent applications are prosecuted and also may affect patent litigation. These include allowing third-party submission of prior art to the USPTO during patent prosecution and additional procedures to attack the validity of a patent by USPTO administered post-grant proceedings, including post-grant review, inter partes review, and derivation proceedings. Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal courts necessary to invalidate a patent claim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidence would be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures to invalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action. Therefore, the America Invents Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our owned or in licensed patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our owned or in licensed issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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In addition, the patent positions of companies in the development and commercialization of healthcare technology are particularly uncertain. Recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings have narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances and weakened the rights of patent owners in certain situations. For example, recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions have served to curtail the scope of subject matter eligible for patent protection in the United States, and many software patents have since been invalidated on the basis that they are directed to abstract ideas. This combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the validity and enforceability of patents, once obtained. Depending on future actions by the U.S. Congress, federal courts, and USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that could have a material adverse effect on our existing patent portfolio and our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property in the future.

Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats.

The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations and may not adequately protect our business or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. For example:

Should any of these events occur, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Capital Requirements

We have incurred net losses since our inception and expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. We may never achieve or sustain profitability.

We have incurred losses since our inception and expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we reported net losses of $39.3 million and $33.8 million, respectively, and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we reported net losses of $12.7 million and $10.5 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $150.3 million.

We expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to devote substantial resources to (i) research and development, in particular to further expand the features, applications and data modalities of our SOPHiA platform in order to accommodate multimodal data analytics capabilities across a wide range of disease areas; (ii) expanding selling and marketing efforts for our SOPHiA platform, in particular to drive new customer adoption with clinical customers and biopharmaceutical companies; (iii) establishing and maintaining relationships with our collaborators and customers across the healthcare system; and (iv) obtaining regulatory clearance or approval to offer our products as IVD products for diagnostic use. We may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. The size of our future net losses will depend, in part, on the rate of growth of our expenses and of our revenue. In addition, following this offering, we expect to incur increased general and administrative expenses associated with operating as a public company. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with our research and development and commercialization efforts, we are unable to predict when we will become profitable, and we may never become profitable. Even if we achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our failure to achieve or sustain profitability would depress our market value and could impair our ability to execute our business plan, raise capital, develop additional products and services and continue our operations. A decline in the value of our company could cause our shareholders to lose all or part of their investment.

We have received loans granted under government programs designed to minimize the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

We have received loans granted under various government programs designed to minimize the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (collectively, the “COVID-19 loans and grants”). See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” We have repaid or received forgiveness for these loans. Our receipt of the COVID-19 loans and grants could result in adverse publicity. In addition, if we are later determined to have been ineligible to receive the COVID-19 loans and grants or loan forgiveness, or if we violate the terms associated with such loans and grants, including the terms governing loan forgiveness, we may be subject to significant penalties and our reputation could suffer.

Even after this offering and the Concurrent Private Placement, we may need to raise additional capital to fund our existing operations, further develop our SOPHiA platform and products, commercialize our products and services and expand our operations.

Since our inception, we have used substantial amounts of cash. The research and development process as well as selling and marketing efforts are capital intensive and we expect that we will continue to expend substantial resources for the foreseeable future to develop, commercialize and market additional features, applications and data modalities of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services. In addition, we may

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also raise capital to expand our business and pursue strategic investments, to take advantage of financing opportunities or for other reasons, including to:

Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

We do not have any committed external source of funds and additional funds may not be available when we need them or on terms that are acceptable to us. Our ability to raise additional funds will depend on financial, economic and market conditions and other factors, over which we may have no or limited control. Market volatility resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors could adversely impact our ability to access

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capital as and when needed. Further, as a Swiss company, we have less flexibility to raise capital, particularly in a quick and efficient manner, as compared to U.S. companies. See “—Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and This Offering—Our shareholders enjoy certain rights that may limit our flexibility to raise capital, issue dividends and otherwise manage ongoing capital needs.” If adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development, commercialization and growth efforts.

We may seek additional capital through a variety of means, including through public and private equity offerings and debt financings, credit and loan facilities and collaborations. If we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms of such equity or convertible debt securities may include liquidation or other preferences that are senior to or otherwise adversely affect your rights as a shareholder. If we raise additional capital through the sale of debt securities or through entering into credit or loan facilities, we may be restricted in our ability to take certain actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, acquiring or licensing intellectual property rights, declaring dividends or encumbering our assets to secure future indebtedness. Such restrictions could adversely impact our ability to conduct our operations and execute our business plan. If we raise additional capital through collaborations with third parties, we may be required to relinquish valuable rights to our intellectual property, technology and products or we may be required to grant licenses for our intellectual property, technology and products on unfavorable terms.

A limited number of distributors collectively account for a substantial portion of sales of our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, 38 and 29 distributors collectively accounted for 23% and 24% of revenue, respectively. We expect that a relatively small number of our distributors will continue to account for significant portion of our revenues in the foreseeable future. Our reliance on a few distributors may expose us to the risk of substantial losses if a single large distributor stops offering access to our platform, services and products, purchases lower quantities of our products or goes out of business and we cannot find substitute distributors on equivalent terms. Most of our distribution relationships are non-exclusive and permit such distributors to distribute competing products. As such, our distributors may not commit the necessary resources to market our products to the level of our expectations or may choose to favor marketing the products of our competitors. If any of our significant distributors reduces the quantity of the research and diagnostic products they purchase from us or stops purchasing from us, our revenue would be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to sufficiently reduce our costs to achieve sustainable gross margins.

Operating our business is costly, and we expect our expenses to continue to increase in the future as we broaden our customer base and expand our platform, services and product offerings. In particular, a significant portion of our business, including our SOPHiA platform, is provided through a cloud-based SaaS platform and computational and storage-related costs and fees constitute a significant portion of our cost of revenue. While we seek to negotiate favorable economic arrangements with respect to computational and storage-related costs and fees, in the near term, we expect that our gross profit margin will be adversely impacted by such fees and costs as we have purchased, and may be required to continue to purchase, increased capacity at less favorable rates in order to address increased demand for our SOPHiA platform and related solutions, products and services. Further, these hosting services depend on the uninterrupted operation of data centers as well as high-quality customer support. In addition, we collaborate with manufacturers in the assembly and development of our research and diagnostic products, in particular DNA enrichments kits. For example, we rely on our manufacturing and supply agreements with third parties, including IDT, Twist and Qiagen, for the manufacture of the DNA enrichments kits, which we assemble and offer to our clients as part of “bundle” solutions together with our SOPHiA platform. While we are undertaking a number of initiatives designed to reduce our costs,

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including provisions in our manufacturing and supply agreements that limit our counterparty’s ability to increase prices for the manufactured products if certain conditions are met by us, and expect that our gross margin will increase as we broaden our customer base and increase customer engagement, there can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve planned cost reductions. There may also be unforeseen occurrences that increase our costs, such as increased prices of the components of our products, increased costs of hosting and consumer support services, changes to labor costs or less favorable terms with third-party suppliers, service providers or manufacturing collaborators. In addition, if our platform, services and product mix becomes more customer-specific and diversified, our costs may increase. If we are unable to reduce our costs, or if cost reductions are less significant or less timely than those we project, we will not be able to achieve sustainable gross margins, which would adversely affect our ability to invest in and grow our business.

We customize a substantial portion of our research and diagnostic products to address the needs of individual customers and collaborators. If we cannot sell our customized products in the event an order is cancelled, we may be unable to cover our costs and may be left with substantial unsaleable inventory, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We assemble a substantial portion of our products to address the needs of individual customers. Some of the agreements with our customers require us to cover the initial manufacturing and assembly costs of such products, which means that we will be paid only upon delivery of such products to our customers. If our customers fail to purchase these customized products from us in sufficient quantities, do not purchase such products from us at all or otherwise fail to perform their obligations under the agreements with us, we may bear the full cost of manufacturing and assembling of such products, fail to cover our costs and have substantial unsaleable inventory, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to use tax loss carryforwards in Switzerland, the United States and other jurisdictions may be limited.

We are entitled to carry forward losses incurred in Switzerland, the United States and other jurisdictions in which we conduct business, which could be used to offset future taxable income. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Components of Results of Operations—Taxation.” Due to our limited income, there is a significant risk that our tax loss carryforwards will expire in part or in their entirety and cannot be used to offset future taxable income for corporate income tax purposes. Furthermore, any tax loss carryforwards that we report on our tax returns are subject to review and confirmation by the competent tax authorities in their tax assessment of the tax year for which the tax loss carryforwards are used to offset taxable income. Consequently, we are exposed to the risk that the competent tax authorities may not accept the reported tax loss carryforwards in part or in their entirety.

Changes in tax laws or the interpretation of tax laws could have a material impact on our financial condition.

We are subject to standard corporate income taxation. The standard effective corporate tax rates in Saint-Sulpice, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland, can change from time to time. However, we expect that the standard combined (federal, cantonal, communal) effective corporate income tax rate, except for dividend income for which we could claim a participation exemption, for 2021 in Saint-Sulpice will be approximately 13%. We are also subject to corporate income taxation in other jurisdictions in which currently operate, including France, the United States, the UK, Brazil and Australia.

In addition, in view of the ongoing implementation of the OECD G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project and the EU anti-avoidance tax package, the existing transfer pricing system and our intercompany relationships could be challenged by the competent tax authorities, resulting in additional taxes, interest and penalties in case of profit add-backs, non-deductible expenses or objections to the transfer pricing documentation. A focus area is the taxation and allocation of profits generated from intangibles where the DEMPE (Development,

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Enhancement, Maintenance, Protection and Exploitation) functions will become more relevant compared to the pure bearing of costs. This may impact the taxation of our group profits and may impact our effective tax rate. These and other changes in tax laws or the interpretation of tax laws in Switzerland, France, the United States, the UK, Brazil, Australia and other jurisdictions in which we currently operate or will operate in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

We are subject to risks related to taxation in multiple jurisdictions.

We are subject to income taxes in Swiss and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments based on interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations may be required in determining our provision for income taxes. Our effective income tax rate could be adversely affected by various factors, including, but not limited to, changes in the mix of earnings in tax jurisdictions with different statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in existing tax policies, laws, regulations or rates, changes in the level of non-deductible expenses (including share-based compensation), changes in the location of our operations, changes in our future levels of research and development spending, mergers and acquisitions or the result of examinations by various tax authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, if taxing authorities disagree with the positions taken on our tax returns, we could have additional tax liability, including interest and penalties.

Exchange rate fluctuations may materially affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We operate internationally and a meaningful portion of our revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our presentation currency, and the Swiss franc, SOPHiA GENETICS SA’s functional currency. In preparing our consolidated financial statements, those revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at applicable exchange rates. Increases or decreases in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies affect the U.S. dollar value of those items, as reflected in the consolidated financial statements. We expect that a significant part of our revenues and expenses will continue to be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, including the euro and Swiss franc, and to a lesser extent, British pound, Australian dollar, Brazilian real, Turkish lira and Canadian dollar. Therefore, unfavorable developments in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other relevant currencies could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

The exchange rates of the U.S. dollar and other currencies are affected by many factors, including forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and global economic events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These rates are also affected by the international balance of payments and other economic and financial conditions, government intervention, speculation and other factors. We currently do not engage in hedging transactions to protect against uncertainty in future exchange rates between particular foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar and even if we engage in hedging operations in the future, there can be no assurance as to the success of any hedging operations that we may implement. Foreign currency fluctuations may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

We are subject to risks related to the accounting treatment of our pension and other post-employment benefit plans.

We provide retirement benefits to our employees as required by Swiss law by means of a pension fund that is maintained by a life insurance company. The life insurance company operates a pension plan for all of our employees as a defined benefit plan under International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) 19. As of March 31, 2021, we reported an employee benefit obligation, before deduction of plan assets, of $15.1 million in accordance with IAS 19. The obligation represents our projected obligations towards current and future pensioners discounted at an annual rate of 0.20%. Under Swiss statutory rules and pursuant to our contract with the group life assurance provider, all risks including investment risk are fully covered. That said, no underfunding exists under Swiss law. The variance between Swiss statutory rules and IFRS is apparent in many Swiss companies, and the IFRS

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obligation of our pension plan does not necessarily reflect a true payment obligation under Swiss law because Swiss law allows us to maintain flexibility to adjust benefit levels under the plans and we could use this flexibility to mitigate any liability. For more information, see Note 22 to the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. However, should the Swiss statutory rules at any time require a determination that our pension plan is significantly underfunded, we could be obliged to make additional contributions to the pension plan in addition to our obligation to make regular contributions as defined in the pension plan regulation. If such risk materializes, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and This Offering

There was no public market for our ordinary shares prior to this offering, and an active market in our ordinary shares may not develop.

Before this offering, there was no public trading market for our ordinary shares. We cannot predict the extent to which an active market for our ordinary shares will develop or be sustained after this offering. If a market for our ordinary shares does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for shareholders to sell their shares at an attractive price, or at all. Furthermore, an inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling our ordinary shares and may impair our ability to enter into collaborations or acquire companies or products by using our ordinary shares as consideration.

In addition, we cannot predict the prices at which our ordinary shares will trade. The initial public offering price of our ordinary shares will be agreed between us and the underwriters based on a number of factors, including market conditions in effect at the time of this offering, which may not be indicative of the price at which our ordinary shares will trade following completion of this offering. It is possible that in one or more future periods, our results of operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors and, as a result of these and other factors, the price of our ordinary shares may fall.

The market price of our ordinary shares may be volatile and may fluctuate due to factors beyond our control.

The initial public offering price for our ordinary shares will be determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market. The market price of our ordinary shares could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to many risk factors listed in this “Risk Factors” section, some of which are beyond our control, including:

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In addition, the stock market has historically experienced significant volatility, particularly with respect to healthcare technology company stocks. The volatility of healthcare technology company stocks often does not relate to the operating performance of the companies represented by the stock. As a result of this volatility, our investors may not be able to sell their ordinary shares at or above the initial public offering price. As we operate in a single industry, we are particularly vulnerable to these factors to the extent that they affect our industry, or to a lesser extent, our markets. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This risk is particularly relevant for healthcare technology companies, which have experienced significant stock price volatility in recent years. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, and could also require us to make substantial payments to satisfy judgments or to settle litigation.

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly or may fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, each of which may cause the price of our ordinary shares to fluctuate or decline.

Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate significantly. This fluctuation may be as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside our control and, as a result, may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. These fluctuations may occur due to a variety of factors, including:

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The cumulative effects of these factors could result in large fluctuations and unpredictability in our quarterly and annual financial results. Because a substantial portion of our expenses are relatively fixed in the short-term and require time to adjust, our results of operations and liquidity would suffer if revenue falls below our expectations in a particular period. In addition, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Further, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for any future period, and quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other period, and accordingly should not be relied upon as indicative of future performance.

If our operating results fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our ordinary shares could decline substantially. Furthermore, any fluctuations in our operating results may, in turn, cause the price of our ordinary shares to fluctuate substantially. We believe that quarterly comparisons of our financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.

Our existing shareholders will continue to be able to exercise significant influence over us, and their interests may conflict with the interests of other shareholders.

Following completion of this offering and the Concurrent Private Placement, our existing shareholders are expected to own approximately 78% of our ordinary shares (or approximately 75% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ordinary shares in full), excluding any ordinary shares purchased by any such holders in this offering. At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to 5% of the ordinary shares offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price, to our employees and to friends, professional contacts and family members of our employees and directors. As a result, these shareholders, if acting together, would be able to influence or control matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including the election of directors and the approval of certain types of capital increases, statutory mergers or other extraordinary transactions.

In addition, our amended and restated articles of association will contain provisions stating that if an individual or legal entity acquires ordinary shares and, as a result, directly or indirectly, has voting rights with respect to more than 15% of the share capital recorded in the commercial register, the registered shares exceeding the limit of 15% shall be entered in the share register as shares without voting rights. Similarly, our amended and restated articles of association will limit the exercise of voting rights by shareholders, acting alone or in concert with others, to a maximum of 15% the share capital recorded in the commercial register. However, any shareholders holding more than 15% prior to the filing and effectiveness of our amended and restated articles

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of association will remain registered with voting rights for such shares and will remain able to vote all of such shares. This may, in certain instances, allow our existing shareholders to exercise more influence over us than our other shareholders despite holding the same number of ordinary shares.

To the extent that the interests of our existing shareholders may differ from the interests of our other shareholders, the latter may be disadvantaged by any action that our existing shareholders may seek to pursue. In addition, the concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of us, could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their ordinary shares as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our ordinary shares. See “Principal Shareholders.”

Future sales, or the possibility of future sales, of a substantial number of our ordinary shares could adversely affect the price of our ordinary shares.

Future sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares, or the perception that such sales will occur, could cause a decline in the market price of our ordinary shares. Following the completion of this offering and the Concurrent Private Placement, we will have 63,338,111 ordinary shares outstanding (or 65,288,111 ordinary shares outstanding if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ordinary shares in full). This includes the ordinary shares in this offering, which may be resold in the public market immediately upon the closing of this offering without restriction, unless purchased by our affiliates. Substantially all of the remaining ordinary shares will be subject to the lock-up agreements described in the “Underwriting” section of this prospectus. However, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, on behalf of the underwriters, can waive the provisions of these lock-up agreements, in their sole discretion, and allow the sale of these shares at any time. In addition, we intend to register under the Securities Act all ordinary shares that we may issue under our share-based compensation plans. Once we register these ordinary shares, they can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to volume limitations applicable to affiliates and the lock-up agreements described in the “Underwriting” section of this prospectus. After the end of such lock-up agreements or if such lock-up agreements are waived, if these shareholders sell substantial numbers of ordinary shares in the public market or if the market perceives that such sales may occur, the market price of our ordinary shares and our ability to raise capital through an issue of equity securities in the future could be adversely affected.

Under Swiss law, shareholders benefit from pre-emptive rights to subscribe on a pro rata basis for issuances of equity or other securities that are convertible into equity, unless such pre-emptive rights are excluded in accordance with Swiss law and our articles of association. However, due to the laws and regulations in certain jurisdictions, shareholders in certain jurisdictions may not be able to exercise such rights, unless the company registers or otherwise qualifies the rights offering, including by complying with prospectus requirements under the laws of that jurisdiction. There can be no assurance that we will take any action to register or otherwise qualify an offering of subscription rights or shares under the laws of any jurisdiction where the offering of such rights is restricted, other than the United States. If shareholders in such jurisdictions are unable to exercise their subscription rights, their ownership interest will be diluted.

You will incur immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering.

The initial public offering price of our ordinary shares will be substantially higher than the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per ordinary share after the completion of this offering. Therefore, if you purchase ordinary shares in this offering, you will pay a price per ordinary share that substantially exceeds the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per ordinary share after this offering. Based on an initial public offering price of $18.00 per ordinary share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, you will experience immediate dilution of $13.22 per ordinary share, representing the difference between the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per ordinary share and the initial public

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offering price. As a result of the dilution to investors purchasing shares in this offering, investors may receive significantly less than the purchase price paid in this offering, if anything, in the event of our liquidation. In addition, to the extent that any outstanding options under our share-based compensation plans are exercised, new options are issued under our share-based compensation plans or we issue additional ordinary shares in the future, there will be further dilution to investors participating in this offering. See “Dilution.”

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering as described in “Use of Proceeds.” However, our board of directors and our management retains broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our ordinary shares. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, cause the price of our ordinary shares to decline and delay the development of our platform, services and products.

We have never paid dividends and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.

Since inception, we have not paid any dividends. Even if future operations lead to significant levels of distributable profits, we currently intend to reinvest any earnings in our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends until we have an established revenue stream to support continuing dividends. In addition, any proposal for the payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors including our business prospects, liquidity requirements, financial performance and new product development. Furthermore, payment of future dividends is subject to certain limitations pursuant to our current and future debt instruments, Swiss law and our amended and restated articles of association. See “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association.” Accordingly, investors cannot rely on dividend income from our ordinary shares, and any returns on an investment in our ordinary shares will likely depend entirely upon any future appreciation in the price of our ordinary shares.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research, about our business, the price of our ordinary shares and our trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our ordinary shares will depend, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on our company. If no or too few securities or industry analysts commence coverage of our company, the trading price for our ordinary shares would likely be negatively affected. In the event securities or industry analysts initiate coverage, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our ordinary shares or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our ordinary shares would likely decline. In addition, if our operating results fail to meet the forecast of analysts, the price of our ordinary shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our ordinary shares could decrease, which might cause the price of our ordinary shares and trading volume to decline.

The implementation of the authorized share capital increase may be challenged or blocked.

Prior to this offering, we will have obtained a shareholder resolution for, among other things, the increase in authorized share capital necessary to source the ordinary shares to be sold in this offering. As with all share capital increases in Switzerland, a shareholder may (i) request the competent court to grant a preliminary injunction to block the registration of the capital increase in the commercial register of the Canton of Vaud in a summary proceeding and (ii) challenge the underlying shareholders’ resolution within two months after such shareholders’ meeting and, therefore, prevent or delay the completion of this offering. There can be no assurance that the implementation of the authorized share capital increase will not be challenged or blocked.

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The rights of our shareholders may be different from the rights of shareholders in companies governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions.

We are a Swiss corporation. Our corporate affairs are governed by our articles of association and by the laws governing companies, including listed companies, incorporated in Switzerland. The rights of our shareholders and the responsibilities of members of our board of directors may be different from the rights and obligations of shareholders and directors of companies governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions.

In the performance of its duties, our board of directors is required by Swiss law to consider the interests of our company, our shareholders, our employees and other stakeholders, in all cases with due observation of the principles of reasonableness and fairness. It is possible that some of these parties will have interests that are different from, or in addition to, shareholders’ interests. Swiss law limits the ability of our shareholders to challenge resolutions made or other actions taken by our board of directors in court. Our shareholders generally are not permitted to file a suit to reverse a decision or an action taken by our board of directors, but are instead only permitted to seek damages for breaches of fiduciary duty. As a matter of Swiss law, shareholder claims against a member of our board of directors for breach of fiduciary duty would have to be brought to the competent courts in Lausanne, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland, or where the relevant member of our board of directors is domiciled. In addition, under Swiss law, any claims by our shareholders against us must be brought exclusively to the competent courts in Lausanne, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. For a further summary of applicable Swiss company law contained in this prospectus, see “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association” and “Comparison of Swiss Law and Delaware Law.” However, there can be no assurance that Swiss law will not change in the future, which could adversely affect the rights of our shareholders, or that Swiss law will protect our shareholders in a similar fashion as under U.S. corporate law principles.

Our shareholders enjoy certain rights that may limit our flexibility to raise capital, issue dividends and otherwise manage ongoing capital needs.

Swiss law reserves for approval by shareholders certain corporate actions over which a board of directors would have authority in some other jurisdictions. For example, the payment of dividends and cancellation of treasury shares must be approved by shareholders. Swiss law also requires that our shareholders themselves resolve to, or authorize our board of directors to, increase our share capital. While our shareholders may authorize share capital that can be issued by our board of directors without additional shareholder approval, Swiss law limits this authorization to 50% of the issued share capital at the time of the authorization. The authorization, furthermore, has a limited duration of up to two years and must be renewed by the shareholders from time to time thereafter in order to be available for raising capital. Additionally, subject to specified exceptions, including exceptions explicitly described in our amended and restated articles of association, Swiss law grants pre-emptive subscription rights to existing shareholders to subscribe for new issuances of shares. Swiss law also does not provide as much flexibility in the various rights and regulations that can attach to different categories of shares as do the laws of some other jurisdictions. These Swiss law requirements relating to our capital management may limit our flexibility, and situations may arise where greater flexibility would have provided benefits to our shareholders. See “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association” and “Comparison of Swiss Law and Delaware Law.”

Our shares are not listed in Switzerland, our home jurisdiction. As a result, our shareholders will not benefit from certain provisions of Swiss law that are designed to protect shareholders in a public takeover offer or a change-of-control transaction.

Because our ordinary shares will be listed exclusively on Nasdaq and not in Switzerland, our shareholders will not benefit from the protection afforded by certain provisions of Swiss law that are designed to protect shareholders in the event of a public takeover offer or a change-of-control transaction. For example, Article 120

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of the Swiss Financial Market Infrastructure Act and its implementing provisions require investors to disclose their interest in our company if they reach, exceed or fall below certain ownership thresholds. Similarly, the Swiss takeover regime imposes a duty on any person or group of persons who acquires more than one-third of a company’s voting rights to make a mandatory offer for all of the company’s outstanding listed equity securities. In addition, the Swiss takeover regime imposes certain restrictions and obligations on bidders in a voluntary public takeover offer that are designed to protect shareholders. However, these protections are applicable only to issuers that list their equity securities in Switzerland, and because our ordinary shares will be listed exclusively on Nasdaq, they will not be applicable to us. Furthermore, since Swiss law restricts our ability to implement rights plans or U.S.-style “poison pills,” our ability to resist an unsolicited takeover attempt or to protect minority shareholders in the event of a change-of-control transaction may be limited. Therefore, our shareholders may not be protected in the same degree in a public takeover offer or a change-of-control transaction as are shareholders in a Swiss company listed in Switzerland.

U.S. shareholders may not be able to obtain judgments or enforce civil liabilities against us or our executive officers or members of our board of directors.

We are organized under the laws of Switzerland and our registered office and domicile is located in Saint-Sulpice, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Moreover, a number of our directors and executive officers are not residents of the United States, and all or a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or upon such persons or to enforce against them judgments obtained in U.S. courts, including judgments in actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. We have been advised by our Swiss counsel that there is doubt as to the enforceability in Switzerland of original actions, or in actions for enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts, of civil liabilities to the extent solely predicated upon the U.S. federal and state securities laws. Original actions against persons in Switzerland based solely upon the federal or state securities laws are governed, among other things, by the principles set forth in the Swiss Federal Act on Private International Law (the “PILA”). This statute provides that the application of provisions of non-Swiss law by the courts in Switzerland shall be precluded if the result is incompatible with Swiss public policy (ordre public). Also, certain mandatory provisions of Swiss law may be applicable regardless of any other law that would otherwise apply.

Switzerland and the United States do not have a treaty providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. The recognition and enforcement of a judgment of the courts of the United States in Switzerland is governed by the principles set forth in the PILA. This statute provides in principle that a judgment rendered by a non-Swiss court may be enforced in Switzerland only if:

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Anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated articles of association could make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our shareholders, more difficult.

Our amended and restated articles of association will contain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of us that shareholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which our shareholders may receive a premium for their shares. Our amended and restated articles of association, which will become effective upon the closing of this offering, include provisions that:

These and other provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent takeovers and changes in control. See “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association.” These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for our ordinary shares, thereby depressing the market price of our ordinary shares.

We will be a foreign private issuer, and, as a result, we will not be subject to certain rules and obligations that are applicable to a U.S. domestic public company and will not be subject to certain Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards that are applicable to a Nasdaq-listed U.S. domestic public company.

Upon consummation of this offering, we will report under the Exchange Act as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act and although we intend to furnish quarterly financial information to the SEC, we are exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including (i) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; (ii) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities, and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and (iii) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, or current reports on Form 8-K upon the occurrence of specified significant events. In addition, foreign private issuers are not required to file their annual report on Form 20-F until four months after the end of each financial year, while U.S. domestic issuers are required to file their annual report on Form 10-K in less time. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from the Regulation Fair Disclosure, aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information.

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Furthermore, because we will be a foreign private issuer, we will elect to comply with our home country governance requirements and certain exemptions thereunder, rather than complying with certain of the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards that are applicable to U.S. companies listed on Nasdaq. For example, we are exempt from Nasdaq listing standards that require a listed U.S. company to have (i) a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors, (ii) regularly scheduled executive sessions with only independent directors and (iii) a compensation committee and a nomination and corporate governance committee consisting entirely of independent directors. In accordance with our Nasdaq listing, our audit committee is required to comply with the provisions of Section 301 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, both of which are also applicable to Nasdaq-listed U.S. companies. Furthermore, Nasdaq listing standards generally require Nasdaq-listed U.S. companies to, among other things, seek shareholder approval for the implementation of certain equity compensation plans and issuances of securities, which we are not required to follow as a foreign private issuer. Accordingly, our shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are not foreign private issuers. For an overview of our corporate governance principles, see “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association.”

We may lose our foreign private issuer status, which would then require us to comply with the Exchange Act’s domestic reporting regime and cause us to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses.

We qualify as a foreign private issuer, and therefore we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. We may no longer be a foreign private issuer as of June 30, 2022, which would require us to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, as of January 1, 2023. In order to maintain our current status as a foreign private issuer, either (a) a majority of our ordinary shares must be either directly or indirectly owned of record by non-residents of the United States or (b)(i) a majority of our executive officers or directors may not be United States citizens or residents, (ii) more than 50% of our assets cannot be located in the United States and (iii) our business must be administered principally outside the United States. If we lose this status, we would be required to comply with the Exchange Act reporting and other requirements applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, which are more detailed and extensive than the requirements for foreign private issuers. We may also be required to make changes in our corporate governance practices in accordance with various SEC and stock exchange rules. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws if we are required to comply with the reporting requirements applicable to a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher than the cost we would incur as a foreign private issuer. As a result, we expect that a loss of foreign private issuer status would increase our legal and financial compliance costs and would make some activities highly time-consuming and costly. We also expect that if we were required to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, it would be more difficult and expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These rules and regulations could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors.

There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year, which could subject United States investors in our ordinary shares to significant adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

Under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), we will be a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), for any taxable year in which, after the application of certain look-through rules with respect to subsidiaries, either (i) 75% or more of our gross income consists of “passive income” or (ii) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of our assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, “passive income.” Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, certain non-active rents and royalties, and capital gains. Based on our current operations, income, assets and certain estimates and projections, including as to the relative values of our assets, including goodwill, which is based on the expected price of our

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ordinary shares, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our 2021 taxable year. However, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), will agree with our conclusion. In addition, whether we will be a PFIC in 2021 or any future year is uncertain because, among other things, (i) we will hold a substantial amount of cash following this offering, which is generally categorized as a passive asset; and (ii) our PFIC status for any taxable year will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time (which may be determined, in part, by reference to the market price of our ordinary shares, which could be volatile). Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for any taxable year.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. investor holds ordinary shares, we generally would continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to that U.S. investor for all succeeding years during which the U.S. investor holds ordinary shares, even if we ceased to meet the threshold requirements for PFIC status. Such a U.S. investor may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, including (i) the treatment of all or a portion of any gain on disposition as ordinary income; (ii) the application of a deferred interest charge on such gain and the receipt of certain dividends; and (iii) compliance with certain reporting requirements. A “mark-to-market” election may be available that will alter the consequences of PFIC status if our ordinary shares are regularly traded on a qualified exchange. For further discussion, see “Taxation—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders.”

We are an emerging growth company, and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our ordinary shares less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, (i) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in this prospectus and our periodic reports and proxy statements and (iii) exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation. In addition, as an emerging growth company, we are required to provide only two years of audited financial statements and two years of selected financial data in our initial registration statement, compared to three and five years, respectively, for comparable data reported by other public companies.

We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $700.0 million as of any June 30 (the end of our second fiscal quarter) before that time or if we have total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more during any fiscal year before that time, in which cases we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31 (our fiscal year end); or, if we issue more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during any three-year period before that time, we would cease to be an emerging growth company immediately. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” which would allow us to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We cannot predict if investors will find our ordinary shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our ordinary shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our ordinary shares and the price of our ordinary shares may be more volatile. When these exemptions cease to apply, we expect to incur additional expenses and devote increased management effort towards ensuring compliance with them, and we cannot predict or estimate the amount or timing of such additional costs.

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As a result of being a public company, we will incur additional costs, and we may not manage to comply with our internal control procedures and corporate governance structures.

To comply with the requirements imposed on us as a public company, we will incur significant legal, insurance, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The increased costs may require us to reduce costs in other areas of our business. In addition, our board of directors, management and administrative staff will be required to perform additional tasks. For example, in anticipation of becoming a public company, we will need to adopt additional internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures, retain a transfer agent, adopt an insider trading policy and bear all of the internal and external costs of preparing and distributing periodic public reports in compliance with our obligations under applicable securities and other laws. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment will result in increased general and administrative expenses and may divert management’s time and attention from research and development activities. These laws, regulations and standards are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters, enforcement proceedings and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governing practices, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements

This prospectus contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, technology, as well as plans and objectives of management for future operations are forward-looking statements. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “expect,” “should,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “will” and “potential,” among others.

Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this prospectus and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those identified in the section titled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus. These forward-looking statements include, among others:

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These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in the sections in this prospectus titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are excluded from the safe harbor protection provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 27A of the Securities Act which does not extend to initial public offerings. You should read this prospectus and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

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Market and industry data

This prospectus contains industry, market and competitive position data that are based on general and industry publications, surveys and studies conducted by third parties, some of which may not be publicly available, and our own internal estimates and research. Third-party publications, surveys and studies generally state that they have obtained information from sources believed to be reliable, but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of such information. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry, market and competitive position data presented herein, these data involve a number of assumptions and limitations and contain projections and estimates of the future performance of the industries in which we operate that are subject to a high degree of uncertainty.

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Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds from the issuance and sale of 13,000,000 ordinary shares by us in this offering will be approximately $208.1 million, or approximately $240.4 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ordinary shares in full, at the assumed initial public offering price of $18.00 per ordinary share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated fees and offering expenses payable by us.

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price would increase or decrease the net proceeds to us by $11.8 million, assuming that the number of ordinary shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated fees and offering expenses payable by us. Each 1,000,000 share increase or decrease in the number of ordinary shares offered by us would increase or decrease the net proceeds to us by $16.6 million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated fees and offering expenses payable by us.

The principal purposes of this offering are to obtain additional capital, create a public market for our ordinary shares, facilitate our future access to the public equity markets, increase awareness of our company among potential customers and improve our competitive position. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which may include:

In addition, we intend to use a portion of the proceeds from this offering to pay a success fee to TriplePoint Capital LLC (“TriplePoint”), which is equal to $2.9 million, based on an assumed public offering price equal to the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Sources of Capital Resources.”

We have not yet determined our anticipated expenditures and therefore cannot estimate the amounts to be used for each of the purposes discussed above. However, it is difficult to estimate with certainty the exact amounts of the net proceeds from this offering that may be used for the above purposes. The amount and timing of our actual expenditures will depend upon numerous factors, including our commercialization efforts, demand for our platform, services and products, rates of reimbursement, the costs of equipment, the progress of our research and development efforts, our operating costs and the other factors described in “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our management will retain broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds we receive from our initial public offering, and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds. Pending the use of the proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in a variety of capital preservation instruments, including short-term and long-term interest-bearing instruments, investment-grade securities, and direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government. We cannot predict whether the proceeds invested will yield a favorable return.

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Dividend policy

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our share capital. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings, if any, to fund the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual restrictions and business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.

Under Swiss law, any dividend must be approved by our shareholders. In addition, our auditors must confirm that the dividend proposal of our board of directors to the shareholders conforms to Swiss statutory law and our amended and restated articles of association. A Swiss corporation may pay dividends only if it has sufficient distributable profits from the previous business year (bénéfice de l’exercice) or brought forward from previous business years (report des bénéfices) or if it has distributable reserves (réserves à libre disposition), each as evidenced by its audited stand-alone statutory balance sheet prepared pursuant to Swiss law and after allocations to reserves required by Swiss law and its articles of association have been deducted. Distributable reserves are generally booked either as free reserves (réserves libres) or as reserves from capital contributions (apports de capital). Distributions out of share capital, which is the aggregate par value of a corporation’s issued shares, may be made only by way of a share capital reduction. See “Description of Share Capital and Articles of Association.”

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Capitalization

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and our total capitalization (which we define as non-current liabilities and equity) as of March 31, 2021:

You should read this table in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included in this prospectus as well as “Use of Proceeds,” “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”